Cardiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 151: Rate control should be offered as first-line for AF except in people: _____ 2. For whom a rhythm-control strategy would be more suitable based on clinical judgement

Answer: 1. With atrial flutter whose condition is suitable for an ablation strategy to restore sinus rhythm

Flashcard 152: Alongside Amiodarone what else can be used to maintain sinus rythm: _____ dronedarone

Answer: beta-blockers

Flashcard 153: What medications increase the risk of falls by contributing to postural hypotension? (List 7 examples)

Answer: • Nitrates • Diuretics • Anticholinergic Medications • Antidepressants • Beta-blockers • L-Dopa • ACE inhibitors

Flashcard 154: Notable complications of catheter ablation: _____ stroke pulmonary vein stenosis

Answer: cardiac tamponade

Flashcard 155: Why does a Left-sided Accessory Pathway cause Right-Axis Deviation? Because Early actvation occurs in the _____ causing initial depolarisation to move from left to right producing a right axis deviation

Answer: left ventricle

Flashcard 156: Digoxin should only be considered for rate-control if the person does no or very little physical exercise because it is _____

Answer: less effective at controlling the heart rate during exercise

Flashcard 157: Why does a Right-sided Accessory Pathway cause Left-Axis Deviation? Because Early activation occurs in the _____ causing initial depolarisation to move from right to left

Answer: right ventricle

Flashcard 158: How would you identify Left Axis Deviation (LAD) on ECG and what does that indicate in Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome?\n\n- QRS complex is _____ in Lead I and negative in Lead aVF (or Lead II/III)\n- This indicates a right-sided accessory pathway.

Answer: positive

Flashcard 159: How long should patients be anticoagulated before catheter ablation: _____

Answer: 3 weeks

Extra: Pre-ablation: At least 3 weeks of therapeutic anticoagulation (or TEE to rule out thrombus). \nPost-ablation: At least 2 months (8 weeks) of therapeutic anticoagulation for all patients, regardless of CHA2DS2-VASc score. Continued long-term therapy depends on the stroke risk score, not the success of the ablation.

Flashcard 160: Rythm control trys to get the patient back into, and maintain, normal sinus rhythm. This is termed _____. Drugs pharmacological cardioversion and synchronised DC electrical shocks (electrical cardioversion) may be used for this purpose

Answer: cardioversion