Cardiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 151: How would you identify Left Axis Deviation (LAD) on ECG and what does that indicate in Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome?\n\n- QRS complex is _____ in Lead I and negative in Lead aVF (or Lead II/III)\n- This indicates a right-sided accessory pathway.

Answer: positive

Flashcard 152: How long should patients be anticoagulated before catheter ablation: _____

Answer: 3 weeks

Extra: Pre-ablation: At least 3 weeks of therapeutic anticoagulation (or TEE to rule out thrombus). \nPost-ablation: At least 2 months (8 weeks) of therapeutic anticoagulation for all patients, regardless of CHA2DS2-VASc score. Continued long-term therapy depends on the stroke risk score, not the success of the ablation.

Flashcard 153: NICE recommends the use of catheter ablation for those with AF who _____

Answer: have not responded to or wish to avoid, antiarrhythmic medication

Flashcard 154: Notable complications of catheter ablation: _____ stroke pulmonary vein stenosis

Answer: cardiac tamponade

Flashcard 155: Why is Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome classed as an atrioventricular re-entry tachycardia (AVRT)?\n\n_____ which in turn bypasses the AV Node.

Answer: The Bundle of Kent provides an extra electrical pathway connecting the atria and ventricles

Flashcard 156: How are patients advised when prescribed GTN?

Answer: • Take the GTN when the symptoms start • Take a second dose after 5 minutes if the symptoms remain • Call an ambulance if the symptoms remain 5 minutes after the second dose

Flashcard 157: What is the Immediate symptomatic relief for Angina?

Answer: • Sublingual Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN) *GTN causes vasodilation, improving blood flow to the myocardium

Flashcard 158: If a patient scores 0 in their CHA2DS2-VASc for catheter ablation, how long is anticoagulation recommended: _____

Answer: 2 months anticoagulation

Flashcard 159: If a patient scores >1 in their CHA2DS2-VASc for catheter ablation, how long is anticoagulation recommended: _____

Answer: longterm anticoagulation

Flashcard 160: Mnemonic to remember the associations of Wolf-Parkinsons White Syndrome: _____

Answer: Wolf is THE MS

Extra: Associations of WPW Syndrome (**WOLF is THE MS**): - **T**: **T**achyarrhythmias - **H**: **H**CM (Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy) - **E**: **E**bstein anomaly - **M**: **M**VP (Mitral Valve Prolapse) - **S**: **S**eptal defects (ASD)