Acute Medical Presentations — Flashcards

Flashcard 231: What is the concentration and dose of adrenaline given for anaphylaxis in _____? 500 micrograms of 1 in 1000 (0.5ml)

Answer: adults & children >12 years

Flashcard 232: What is the concentration and dose of adrenaline given for anaphylaxis in _____? 100-150 micrograms of 1 in 1000 (0.1-0.15ml)

Answer: children <6 months

Flashcard 233: Anaphylaxis is a type _____ hypersensitivity reaction

Answer: I

Flashcard 234: What is the management of refractory anaphylaxis? _____ & adrenaline infusion

Answer: Rapid IV crystalloid fluid bolus

Flashcard 235: What is the initial medical management of suspected metastatic spinal cord compression?\n_____

Answer: 16 mg oral dexamethasone

Flashcard 236: Immediate management of suspected or confirmed metastatic spinal cord compression (MSCC) includes _____ and high-dose steroids (e.g., Dexamethasone).

Answer: immobilisation

Extra: Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression (MSCC) is an oncological emergency. Initial management includes flat bed rest (immobilization) to prevent further mechanical damage, along with dexamethasone (usually 16mg/day divided) and a proton pump inhibitor for gastric protection. Definitive treatment involves surgical decompression or radiotherapy.

Flashcard 237: People with suspected metastatic spinal cord compression should recieve an _____ within 24 hours

Answer: full spine MRI

Flashcard 238: What non-pharmacological measures can be taken to reduce noisy respiratory secretions? _____ or suction

Answer: Elevating the head of the bed with the patient on their side

Flashcard 239: What is the initial management of dyspnoea in palliative patients?

Answer: Correct the correctable (e.g. drain pleural effusion, treat chest infection or PE, blood transfusion)

Flashcard 240: Impaired cognition, reduced oral intake, peripheral cyanosis and altered breathing pattern are all signs that a palliative patient is _____

Answer: dying