Renal Physiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 111: The _____ DCT is always impermeable to water (permeability)

Answer: early

Flashcard 112: In an autonomous bladder, residual urine is _____

Answer: 200-300cc

Flashcard 113: The _____ bladder is controlled by the intrinsic (intramural) plexus of the bladder.

Answer: Autonomous

Flashcard 114: _____ is an endocytotic receptor on the proximal convoluted tubular cells, along with cubilin, which helps in resorption of filtered proteins (albumin) and vitamins

Answer: Megalin

Flashcard 115: A minimum urine output of _____ mL/day is essential to excrete the end products of protein metabolism.

Answer: 400

Flashcard 116: In an autonomous bladder, emptying is _____voluntary

Answer: Not

Extra: An **autonomous bladder** results from a **lower motor neuron (LMN)** lesion (e.g., injury to the sacral micturition center at S2-S4 or the cauda equina). Because both sensory and motor pathways are interrupted, the micturition reflex arc is abolished. The bladder becomes flaccid, fills to capacity, and eventually empties via overflow; emptying is **not voluntary**.

Flashcard 117: Lumirubin is excreted by the _____ in the unconjugated state

Answer: kidneys

Flashcard 118: What is the most common cause of Type II (proximal) Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA)?

Answer: Fanconi syndrome

Extra: Type II RTA (proximal RTA) is characterized by a defect in proximal bicarbonate reabsorption. It most commonly occurs as part of **Fanconi syndrome**, which is a generalized dysfunction of the proximal tubule leading to the loss of HCO3-, glucose, amino acids, and phosphates in the urine. In adults, the most common cause of Fanconi syndrome is Multiple Myeloma.

Flashcard 119: The average normal urine output is approximately _____ mL/day

Answer: 1500

Flashcard 120: Vasopressin escape in SIADH results due to downregulation of _____ production.

Answer: aquaporin 2