Cardiovascular System — Flashcards

AV shunts _____ preload and decrease afterload

Phase _____ of the myocardial action potential is characterized by initial repolarization

Activation of _____ adrenergic receptors on the SA node causes increased heart rate

During the early stages of exercise, cardiac output is maintained by increased _____ and stroke volume

Closure of the ductus arteriosus occurs in response to increased _____ and decreased PGE (from respiration and placental separation, respectively)

Phase 2 of the myocardial action potential (plateau) is caused by a balance of _____ efflux and Ca2+ influx through voltage-gated channels

A tension pneumothorax may lead to _____ intrathoracic pressure, leading to decreased cardiac function

Relaxation of a myocardial cell occurs when:- Ca2+ is reaccumulated in the sarcoplasmic reticulum by the action of _____- Ca2+ is pumped out of the cell by the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX)

The indication of the end of the isovolumetric relaxation phase is when _____ pressure falls below atrial pressure.

Resistance is _____ proportional to the length of the blood vessel