Blood and Immunity — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: Which blood type does not have any group antigens on RBC surfaces? _____

Answer:

Flashcard 2: What unique antibodies in plasma do patients with the A blood type have? _____

Answer:

Flashcard 3: What is the formula for calculating Blood volume from Plasma volume and hematocrit? _____

Answer:

Flashcard 4: Patients with the B blood type cannot receive which blood types? _____

Answer:

Flashcard 5: oral polio vaccine produces _____ immunity

Answer: humoral and local

Extra: 

Flashcard 6: Fetal erythropoiesis occurs in the _____ from 10 to 28 weeks

Answer: spleen

Flashcard 7: The first step of primary hemostasis is _____ of the damaged vessel; which is mediated by reflex neural stimulation and endothelin-1 release from endothelial cells

Answer: transient vasoconstriction

Flashcard 8: Endothelial cells prevent thrombosis by blocking exposure to underlying _____ and tissue thromboplastin

Answer: subendothelial collagen

Flashcard 9: Activation of the coagulation cascade requires _____ ions derived from platelet dense granules

Answer: Ca2+

Flashcard 10: Differentiation of helper T cells to _____ is induced by IL-1, IL-6 and TGF-

Answer: Th17

Flashcard 11: IgA is transported through the mucosa via binding between the _____ of IgA and the polymeric Ig receptor on epithelial cells

Answer: J chain

Flashcard 12: Thrombopoietin stimulates _____ proliferation and is made in the liver

Answer: megakaryocyte

Flashcard 13: Fetal erythropoiesis occurs in the _____ from 12 weeks to adulthood

Answer: bone marrow

Flashcard 14: Aggregation is a balance between pro and anti aggregation factors:Pro-aggregation - _____ blood flowAnti-aggregation - increased blood flow

Answer: decreased

Flashcard 15: The delayed response of mast cell and basophil activation involves production of _____ (ex. to attract eosinophils) and cytokines (particularly leukotrienes)

Answer: chemokines

Flashcard 16: ADH activation of the _____ receptor on vascular endothelium causes release of von Willebrand factor (vWF) and factor VIII

Answer: V2

Flashcard 17: The granules of basophils contain _____ and histamine (anticoagulant and vasodilator, respectively)

Answer: heparin

Flashcard 18: Ig_____ is important for mucosal immunity

Answer: A

Flashcard 19: CD-_____ is a co-receptor for TLR4 found on macrophages that recognizes lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on gram-negative bacteria

Answer: 14

Flashcard 20: Anemia is associated with _____ SaO2, decreased O2 content, and normal PaO2

Answer: normal

Flashcard 21: _____, hematocrit (Hct) and RBC count are used as surrogates for RBC mass, which is difficult to measure

Answer: Hemoglobin (Hb)

Flashcard 22: Most tissue histamine is sequestered inside the granules of _____ and basophils

Answer: mast cells

Flashcard 23: _____ in 2,3-BPG cause the O2-hemoglobin dissociation curve to shift to the left

Answer: Decreases

Flashcard 24: _____ in 2,3-BPG cause the O2-hemoglobin dissociation curve to shift to the right

Answer: Increases

Flashcard 25: Cytotoxic T cells may induce apoptosis of target cells via binding of _____ to Fas, which causes release of TNF

Answer: Fas ligand

Flashcard 26: The _____ shape of the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve is due to positive cooperativity (increased affinity for each sucessive O2 bound)

Answer: sigmoidal

Flashcard 27: Aggregation is a balance between pro and anti aggregation factors:Pro-aggregation - _____ - released by plateletsAnti-aggregation - PGI2 and NO - released by endothelial cells

Answer: TXA2

Flashcard 28: Methemoglobinemia is associated with _____ SaO2, decreased O2 content, and normal PaO2

Answer: decreased

Flashcard 29: Raised ESR in pregnancy is due to an increase in _____ and globulin levels.

Answer: fibrinogen

Flashcard 30: Inhibition of Gi via the pertussis toxin inhibits _____ receptors on lymphocytes

Answer: chemokine

Flashcard 31: In order to adhere to the damaged endothelium, platelets bind _____ using the GPIb receptor

Answer: vWF

Flashcard 32: Binding of ADP to the P2Y1 receptor in primary hemostasis causes _____ change by upregulating intracellular Ca2+, promoting effective platelet plug formation

Answer: shape

Flashcard 33: _____ in pH cause the O2-hemoglobin dissociation curve to shift to the left

Answer: Increases

Flashcard 34: The PCV of venous blood is _____ than arterial blood because of the phenomenon of Chloride shift

Answer: more

Flashcard 35: _____ and NO from endothelial cells cause inhibition of platelet aggregation

Answer: Prostacyclin (PGI2)

Flashcard 36: The percent of blood volume occupied by RBCs is called the _____, which averages 45%

Answer: hematocrit

Flashcard 37: _____ on endothelial cells bind Sialyl-LewisX on leukocytes, resulting in rolling of leukocytes along the vessel wall

Answer: Selectins

Flashcard 38: 2,3-BPG _____ the affinity of hemoglobin for O2 by binding to hemoglobin chains

Answer: decreases

Flashcard 39: Factors that shift the O2-Hb dissociation curve to the _____ favor the taut form of hemoglobin

Answer: right

Flashcard 40: Plasma constitutes _____% of blood volume, while RBCs constitute the remaining 45%

Answer: 55

Flashcard 41: The immediate response of mast cell and basophil activation is release of preformed _____ granules and tryptase

Answer: histamine

Flashcard 42: The CD34+ hematopoietic stem cell may differentiate into a _____ or lymphoid stem cell

Answer: myeloid

Flashcard 43: Primary hemostasis is mediated by interactions between _____ and the vessel wall

Answer: platelets

Flashcard 44: Endothelial cells prevent thrombosis by producing _____, which redirects thrombin to activate protein C

Answer: thrombomodulin

Flashcard 45: _____ O2 binding to hemoglobin causes increased affinity for CO2 and H+ (Haldane effect)

Answer: Decreased

Flashcard 46: Eosinophils produce compounds that deal with parasites, including major basic protein, _____ and arylsulfatase B

Answer: histaminase

Flashcard 47: The coagulation cascade generates _____, which converts fibrinogen in the platelet plug to fibrin (factor Ia) *BnB expansion: which 4 factors does thrombin activate (positive feedback)?

Answer: thrombin (factor IIa)

Flashcard 48: Decreased hemoglobin (e.g. anemia) is associated with _____ SaO2, decreased O2 content, and normal PaO2

Answer: normal

Flashcard 49: A normal WBC count is approximately _____ - 10 K/L

Answer: 5

Flashcard 50: The _____ form of hemoglobin has a low affinity for O2

Answer: taut

Flashcard 51: Platelets (thrombocytes) have a life span of _____ to 10 days

Answer: 8

Flashcard 52: The transcobalamin II-B12 complex is transported to the _____ (hematopoiesis) and liver (storage)

Answer: bone marrow

Flashcard 53: _____ -selectin is released from Weibel-Palade bodies

Answer: P

Flashcard 54: One source of von Willebrand factor (vWF) is from the _____ granules of platelets

Answer: alpha

Flashcard 55: _____ in hemoglobin F cause the O2-hemoglobin dissociation curve to shift to the left

Answer: Increases

Flashcard 56: The macrophage-lymphocyte interaction is also enhanced by interaction of T cell _____ with CD40 on macrophages

Answer: CD40L

Flashcard 57: Interferon _____ is produced by fibroblasts and epithelial cells.

Answer: beta

Flashcard 58: The _____ granules of platelets contain vWF, fibrinogen, and fibronectin

Answer: Alpha

Flashcard 59: The _____ of the thymus is dense and comprised of immature T cells

Answer: cortex

Flashcard 60: _____ measures the extrinsic and common pathways of the coagulation cascade

Answer: Prothrombin time (PT)

Flashcard 61: The ratio of T cells to B cells in the blood of a healthy adult is approximately _____.

Answer: 3:1

Flashcard 62: _____-cell multiplication is stimulated by phytohaemagglutinin and concanavalin A

Answer: T

Flashcard 63: Which nucleated cells do NOT have MHC-II?_____

Answer: Sperms

Flashcard 64: Which chemokines generally are relatively specific for lymphocytes?_____

Answer: C chemokines

Flashcard 65: The earliest stage at which erythropoietin is effective in red blood cell formation is the _____

Answer: burst forming units

Flashcard 66: Which type of lymphocytes (T or B) constantly recirculate between tissues and home to particular sites?_____

Answer: T-lymphocytes

Flashcard 67: Which T-helper cells are active against intracellular microbes?_____

Answer: Th1

Flashcard 68: In zinc deficiency, the _____-mediated immunity is impaired predominantly

Answer: cell

Flashcard 69: Which chemokine promotes the strong adhesion of monocytes and T cells and has potent chemoattractant activity?_____

Answer: CX3C chemokine

Flashcard 70: Normal P50 is about _____ mm of Hg for adult Hb.

Answer: 27

Flashcard 71: The total blood volume of a child is around _____ ml/kg.

Answer: 7580

Flashcard 72: Antiparasitic and cytotoxic properties of eosionophil are mediated by _____

Answer: proteoglycan 2 (PRG2)

Flashcard 73: The level of 2,3 DPG is _____ in anemia.

Answer: increased

Flashcard 74: Cause of death in smoke inhalation?_____ hypoxia

Answer: Anemic

Flashcard 75: In an anemic patient, the mixed venous PO2 levels are _____

Answer: low

Flashcard 76: Thrombomodulin is an anticoagulant produced by all endothelial cells except those in the _____ microcirculation

Answer: cerebral

Flashcard 77: What is the formula for calculating Blood volume from Plasma volume and hematocrit?_____

Answer:

Flashcard 78: Lymphoid growth peaks at around _____ years of age

Answer: 4-8

Flashcard 79: CarboxyHb will lead to a falsely _____ in reading on pulse oximeter

Answer: increased

Flashcard 80: IgG_____ does not cross the placenta in significant amounts.

Answer: 2

Flashcard 81: The spleen normally sequesters _____% of the bodys platelets

Answer: 30% to 35

Flashcard 82: When does hemoglobin switch from HbF to HbA?_____

Answer: 38 weeks of intrauterine life

Flashcard 83: SulphHb will lead to a falsely _____ in reading on pulse oximeter

Answer: no effect

Flashcard 84: Nurse cells are specialized _____ in bone marrow that assist in the development of red blood cells

Answer: macrophages

Flashcard 85: Transport of CO is diffusion limited because of the high affinity of CO to _____, thus preventing rise in the partial pressure of CO

Answer: hemoglobin

Flashcard 86: Macrophages participate in the _____ phase of humoral immunity by efficiently phagocytosing and destroying microbes that are opsonized (coated) with IgG or C3b.

Answer: effector

Flashcard 87: Methemoglobin will lead to a falsely _____ in reading on pulse oximeter

Answer: decreased

Flashcard 88: The major source of plasma von-Willebrand factor are _____

Answer: endothelial cells

Flashcard 89: Basophils are activated by IL-_____ and IL-_____

Answer: 5; 3

Flashcard 90: B-Lymphocytes undergo affinity maturation in the _____ of Lymph node.

Answer: germinal center