Endocrine Pharmacology — Flashcards

Flashcard 71: Thyroid, Pituitary, & Adrenal _____ is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that has estrogen antagonist activity on breast and uterus

Answer: Raloxifene

Flashcard 72: Anions such as _____, pertechnetate, and thiocyanate competively inhibit the sodium-iodide transporter.

Answer: perchlorate

Flashcard 73: _____ insulin is an intermediate-acting insulin and is a combination of Ultralente and Semilente in the ratio of 7:3

Answer: Lente

Flashcard 74: _____ is a monoclonal antibody against RANKL, useful in the treatment of osteoporosis.

Answer: Denosumab

Flashcard 75: Mifepristone (RU-486) has potent anti-progestational and significant anti-_____ and anti-androgenic activity

Answer: glucocorticoid

Flashcard 76: One mechanism by which metformin decreases gluconeogenesis is via _____ of the mitochondrial enzyme glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (mGPDH)

Answer: inhibition

Extra: Inhibition of **mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (mGPDH)** (part of the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle) leads to an altered redox state with an increased cytosolic NADH:NAD+ ratio. This suppresses gluconeogenesis from precursors like lactate and glycerol.

Flashcard 77: Acarbose and miglitol inhibit alpha-glucosidase enzymes which decreases the conversion of _____ into absorbable monosaccharides

Answer: disaccharides

Flashcard 78: Glucocorticoids decrease _____ by decreasing osteoblast activity

Answer: bone formation

Flashcard 79: Danazol is a synthetic _____ that acts as a partial agonist at androgen receptors

Answer: androgen

Flashcard 80: Thyroid, Pituitary, & Adrenal _____ is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that has estrogen agonist activity on bone

Answer: Raloxifene