Neonatology — Flashcards

Flashcard 181: Which is the least common type of seizure in a neonate?_____

Answer: Myoclonic seizures

Flashcard 182: Kramer zone 4 (jaundice involving the forearms and lower legs) is suggestive of an approximate TSB level of _____ mg/dL

Answer: 11–15

Flashcard 183: _____ is a benign finding in neonates consisting of nests of epithelial cells, that appear as whitish/yellowish spots on hard palate

Answer: Epstein Pearls

Flashcard 184: _____ is a benign finding in newborn caused due to exaggerated physiologic vasomotor response on exposure to low environmental temperature.

Answer: Cutis Marmorata

Flashcard 185: The **early phase** of acute bilirubin encephalopathy (acute kernicterus) includes poor suck, lethargy, and _____tonia.

Answer: hypo

Extra: Acute Bilirubin Encephalopathy (ABE) Stages: - **Phase 1 (Early)**: Hypotonia, lethargy, poor suck, and depressed Moro reflex. - **Phase 2 (Intermediate)**: Hypertonia (extensor involvement like opisthotonos and retrocollis), fever, and high-pitched cry. - **Phase 3 (Advanced)**: Deep stupor or coma, seizures, apnea, and pronounced retrocollis-opisthotonos. (Note: Hypotonia may reappear in the terminal stage).

Flashcard 186: Lethargy in a newborn with hypothermia, apnea, cyanosis, and seizures suggests _____.

Answer: hypoglycemia

Flashcard 187: The preferred imaging modality in preterm neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is _____

Answer: USG

Flashcard 188: Formula feeds maybe useful in the management of breast_____ jaundice

Answer: feeding

Flashcard 189: What is the most common cause of neonatal hyperthyroidism?_____

Answer: Maternal Graves' disease

Flashcard 190: The most common manifestation of late-onset neonatal sepsis is _____.

Answer: meningitis