Liver and Biliary Pathology — Flashcards

Flashcard 81: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a tendency to invade the _____.

Answer: portal vein (vessel)

Flashcard 82: Which morphological pattern of cholangiocarcinoma is typically intrahepatic?

Answer: Mass-forming (Nodular)

Flashcard 83: Perivenular and perisinusoidal fibrosis is more prominent in _____

Answer: alcoholic liver disease (ALD/NASH)

Flashcard 84: Cytokeratin _____ is an IHC commonly expressed in tumors of bile duct origin

Answer: 7

Flashcard 85: _____ variant of hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with low serum AFP levels

Answer: Fibrolamellar (Classical/Fibrolamellar)

Flashcard 86: Laennec cirrhosis is the classic micronodular cirrhosis seen in end-stage _____

Answer: alcoholic liver disease

Flashcard 87: Upto _____% of the hepatic adenomas may undergo malignant transformation to hepatocellular carcinoma.

Answer: 10

Flashcard 88: Proliferation of hepatocytes in regeneration starts with the _____ stage

Answer: priming

Flashcard 89: What is the primary mechanism of liver regeneration in liver injury or inflammation?

Answer: Proliferation of mature hepatocytes

Extra: Liver regeneration occurs through two pathways: 1. **Proliferation of mature hepatocytes**: This is the primary mechanism after partial hepatectomy or most forms of acute liver injury. Mature hepatocytes are long-lived cells that re-enter the cell cycle (G0 to G1 transition). 2. **Proliferation of progenitor cells (Oval cells)**: These cells reside in the canals of Hering. This mechanism is activated only when the proliferative capacity of mature hepatocytes is impaired (e.g., in chronic liver disease or severe toxic injury).

Flashcard 90: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangectasia will lead to _____nodular cirrhosis

Answer: macro