Pediatric Orthopaedics — Flashcards

Flashcard 11: Which of the following requires surgery? _____

Answer: Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis

Flashcard 12: 1. Identify → _____

Answer: Salter's scale

Extra: A Salter scale is a hanging spring balance used to measure the weight of infants and children, commonly used in community settings (like Anganwadi centers) for growth monitoring.

Flashcard 13: The epiphyses in _____ have V-shaped distal ends with deep intercondylar notches—the chevron sign.

Answer: achondroplasia

Flashcard 14: When the neck-shaft angle is <_____, the condition is known as coxa vara

Answer: 120

Flashcard 15: _____ fractures and torus fractures are both common fractures in pediatric populations

Answer: Greenstick

Flashcard 16: Evidence of _____ includes subdural hematomas, retinal hemorrhages, cervical spine injury, and posterior rib fractures

Answer: Shaken Baby Syndrome

Flashcard 17: Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip can be treated with a Pavlik Harness, which keeps the hips _____ and abducted

Answer: flexed

Flashcard 18: _____ can be used in displaced fractures of the femoral shaft in children less than 2 years of age and weight less than 12kgs.

Answer: Gallows traction

Flashcard 19: _____ sign evaluates skeletal maturation using the ossification of the iliac apophysis, in the evaluation of scoliosis

Answer: Risser's

Flashcard 20: What is the management of a neglected fracture neck of femur (duration > 3 weeks) with a viable head on MRI? _____

Answer: Fixation with valgus osteotomy

Extra: Management of pediatric femoral neck fractures: 1. **Acute (< 3 weeks):** Internal fixation (ORIF/CRIF). 2. **Neglected (> 3 weeks) with viable head:** Valgus osteotomy (e.g., Pauwels' osteotomy) + internal fixation. The osteotomy converts shear forces into compressive forces to promote healing. 3. **Non-viable head:** Salvage procedures or arthroplasty (depending on age).