Pediatric Orthopaedics — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: What is the pathogenesis of Perthe's disease? _____

Answer:

Flashcard 2: Which of the following is associated with acute hip/knee pain and altered gait (outward facing toe gait)? _____

Answer: Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis

Flashcard 3: _____ disease is intraarticular epiphyseal osteochondromas.

Answer: Trevor's

Flashcard 4: Which of the following usually occurs in children between 12-14 years old? _____

Answer: Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphyses

Flashcard 5: Which of the following is self-limited (~2-3 years)? _____

Answer: Legg-Calve-Perthes

Flashcard 6: Which of the following occurs in males in a 4:1 ratio? _____

Answer: Legg-Calve-Perthes

Flashcard 7: Which of the following usually occurs in children between 5-7 years old? _____

Answer: Legg-Calve-Perthes

Flashcard 8: Which of the following is associated with hypothyroidism as a predisposing condition? _____

Answer: Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis

Flashcard 9: Which of the following is more associated with obesity? _____

Answer: Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphyses

Flashcard 10: Which of the following is associated with an insidious onset of hip pain? _____

Answer: Legg-Calve-Perthes

Flashcard 11: Which of the following requires surgery? _____

Answer: Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis

Flashcard 12: 1. Identify → _____

Answer: Salter's scale

Extra: 

Flashcard 13: The epiphyses in _____ have V-shaped distal ends with deep intercondylar notchesthe chevron sign.

Answer: achondroplasia

Flashcard 14: When the neck-shaft angle is <_____, the condition is known as coxa vara

Answer: 120

Flashcard 15: Evidence of _____ includes subdural hematomas, retinal hemorrhages, cervical spine injury, and posterior rib fractures

Answer: Shaken Baby Syndrome

Flashcard 16: _____ fractures and torus fractures are both common fractures in pediatric populations

Answer: Greenstick

Flashcard 17: Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip can be treated with a Pavlik Harness, which keeps the hips _____ and abducted

Answer: flexed

Flashcard 18: _____ can be used in displaced fractures of the femoral shaft in children less than 2 years of age and weight less than 12kgs.

Answer: Gallows traction

Flashcard 19: _____ sign evaluates skeletal maturation using the ossification of the iliac apophysis, in the evaluation of scoliosis

Answer: Risser's

Flashcard 20: What is the management of fracture neck of femur if patient age 3 weeks (MRI shows viability) ?_____

Answer: fixation with osteotomy

Flashcard 21: Syndromes associated with SCFE include: _____ syndrome, Klinefelter's syndrome

Answer: Turner's

Flashcard 22: In Blount's disease,  the _____ femoral condyle may sublux posteromedially (into the depressed medial tibial plateau) at 10-20 degrees of flexion. This is also called as Siffert-katz sign

Answer: medial

Flashcard 23: In Slipped-Capital Femoral Epiphysis, increased _____ force on the femoral head results in the femoral epiphysis displacing relative to femoral neck

Answer: axial

Flashcard 24: Common presentations of unicameral bone cysts include _____ and may cause growth disturbances due to its proximity to the growth plate.

Answer: pathological fractures

Flashcard 25: A _____ fracture occurs due when axial force is applied to immature bone, leading to a simple buckle fracture of the cortex.

Answer: torus

Flashcard 26: _____ is characterised by partial deficiency of growth of distal radial physis

Answer: Madelung deformity

Flashcard 27: _____ nose vertebrae with posterior scalloping are seen in achondroplasia

Answer: Bullet

Flashcard 28: In _____, the Kite's angle is less than 25 degrees

Answer: CTEV

Flashcard 29: The most progressive type of congenital scoliosis is a con_____, unilateral unsegmented bar with a convex hemivertebra

Answer: cave

Flashcard 30: _____ disease is progressive pathologic genu varum centered at the tibia

Answer: Blount's

Flashcard 31: SCFE presents with limitation of _____uction and internal rotation

Answer: abd

Flashcard 32: Type I and II spondylolisthesis (Wiltse-Newman) are commonly seen in _____ most commonly at the L5-S1 level.

Answer: childhood and adolescence

Flashcard 33: In _____ cast for Perthe's disease, the leg is kept in an aBducted and internally rotated position

Answer: Petrie/Broomstick

Flashcard 34: In DDH, _____duction and external rotation movements of the hip are decreased.

Answer: aB

Flashcard 35: _____ gait is seen in SCFE

Answer: Outward facing toe

Flashcard 36: Ribbon rib deformity is a feature of _____

Answer: neurofibromatosis 1

Flashcard 37: Straight inner border of CTEV shoes prevents _____

Answer: adduction

Flashcard 38: The CTEV shoes can be used until _____ years

Answer: 5

Flashcard 39: _____ angle, which is the angle between the long axis of talus and long axis of calcaneum.

Answer: Kites

Flashcard 40: The greater trochanter is displaced _____wards in coxa vara, impinging on the pelvis

Answer: up

Flashcard 41: The _____ classification is used to grade the severity of Sprengel deformity.

Answer: Cavendish

Flashcard 42: In Ponseti's method _____ knee cast is used to correct clubfoot.

Answer: above

Flashcard 43: Fracture of _____ condyle of humerus occurs when the child falls on the hand with the elbow extended and forced into varus

Answer: lateral

Flashcard 44: Madelung deformity is commonly associated with which disorder?_____

Answer: Leri-Weill dyschondrosteosis

Flashcard 45: A _____ clubfoot results from the fetus's position in the uterus and is often associated with a restrictive uterine environment (oligohydramnios, uterine anomalies)

Answer: positional

Flashcard 46: In Blount's disease, the knee is stable in full _____

Answer: extension (flexion/extension)

Flashcard 47: Most common curve seen in infantile scoliosis is _____ thoracic

Answer: left

Flashcard 48: Most common cause of acquired genu recurvatum is _____.

Answer: poliomyelitis

Flashcard 49: Outer raise of CTEV shoes prevents _____

Answer: inversion

Flashcard 50: There is _____ternal rotation of tibia in CTEV.

Answer: in

Flashcard 51: What is Siffert-katz sign in Blount's disease?_____

Answer: The medial femoral condyle may sublux posteromedially (into the depressed medial tibial plateau) at 10-20 degrees of flexion

Flashcard 52: 1o CTEV is usually _____lateral

Answer: bi

Flashcard 53: Most common curve seen in juvenile idiopathic scoliosis is _____ thoracic

Answer: right

Flashcard 54: _____creased lumbar lordosis is seen in DDH.

Answer: In

Flashcard 55: Is an x-ray obligatory for diagnosing radial head subluxation?_____

Answer: No

Flashcard 56: What will be the presentation of a child with radial head subluxation?_____

Answer: extended and pronated forearm

Flashcard 57: The metaphyseal fragment in Type II Salter Harris # is sometimes called the _____ fragment

Answer: Thurston-Holland

Flashcard 58: Which side is more commonly affected by DDH?_____

Answer: left>B/L>right

Flashcard 59: A Slipped Capito-femoral Epiphysis occurs during the period of rapid growth, commonly during _____ years

Answer: 11-20

Flashcard 60: What is the attitude of limb in transient synovitis of hip?_____

Answer: FABER

Flashcard 61: What is the most common cause of disproportionate dwarfism?_____

Answer: Achondroplasia

Flashcard 62: The main objective of treatment of Perthe's disease is to relieve force on the femoral head to reduce any further _____

Answer: ischemia

Flashcard 63: _____ disease is intraarticular epiphyseal osteochondromas.

Answer: Trevor's

Flashcard 64: Absence of heel in CTEV shoes prevents _____

Answer: equinus

Flashcard 65: Most common bone to be fractured in children is _____.

Answer: distal forearm bones

Flashcard 66: _____ are used to prevent progression and avoid surgery in scoliotic curves between 20 and 30 degrees

Answer: Braces

Flashcard 67: Hip fractures in the pediatric population are classified according to _____ classification

Answer: Delbet's

Flashcard 68: _____ U/L ratio is seen in spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia and vertebral anomalies

Answer: Low

Flashcard 69: The most common site of fracture of mandible in children is the _____

Answer: condyle

Flashcard 70: The treatment of choice for neglected case of DDH with secondary arthritic changes in a 12 year child is _____.

Answer: total hip replacement

Flashcard 71: _____ traction is used for SupraconDylar fracture of humerus

Answer: Dunlop/Smith

Flashcard 72: Tom-Smith's arthritis causes severe destruction of the _____ of the femur as it is cartilaginous at this age.

Answer: head

Flashcard 73: Fracture of radial head occurs when the child falls on the hand with the elbow extended and forced into _____

Answer: valgus (varus/valgus)

Flashcard 74: There may be an _____-shaped deformity at the elbow in supracondylar humerus #

Answer: S

Flashcard 75: Most common cause of CTEV is _____

Answer: idiopathic

Flashcard 76: In children, _____ pole of scaphoid # is more common to undergo non-union

Answer: distal

Flashcard 77: _____ Ligament in Madelung Deformity is believed to  impede the growth of the ulnopalmar aspect of the distal radius

Answer: Vicker s

Flashcard 78: _____ idiopathic scoliosis is classically defined as scoliosis that is first diagnosed between birth and 3 years of age

Answer: Infantile

Flashcard 79: Why is fat embolism syndrome not common in kids?_____

Answer: No fat in medullary cavity

Flashcard 80: X-ray showing compression on one side of the radius causing the other side to bend/ buckle suggests a _____ fracture.

Answer: torus

Flashcard 81: _____ angle is used to diagnose CTEV and the normal value is _____ degrees.

Answer: Kite's; 20-40

Flashcard 82: _____ angle is used to diagnose CTEV and the normal value is _____ degrees.

Answer: Kite's; 20-40

Flashcard 83: Supracondylar fracture more commonly leads to cubitus _____

Answer: varus

Flashcard 84: Bladder extrophy may present with a characteristic _____ gait

Answer: broad-based