Infectious Diseases — Flashcards

Flashcard 71: The pre-patent period of P. falciparum is _____

Answer: 5-7 days

Extra: Intrinsic incubation period (sporozoite entry to clinical symptoms): - P. falciparum: 12 days - P. vivax: 14 days - P. ovale: 14 days - P. malariae: 28 days Extrinsic incubation period (in mosquito): 10-21 days depending on temperature.

Flashcard 72: **Mosquito Spotter** Habits: Fresh water breeding, spotted wings, sits at 45° angle - Identify: _____ - Disease: Malaria

Answer: Anopheles Mosquito

Extra: Anopheles mosquitoes are distinguished by their resting position (at an angle to the surface) and spotted wings. They primarily breed in clean/fresh water collections. Contrast with Culex: - Resting position: Parallel to surface - Wings: Unspotted - Breeding: Polluted/dirty water (usually)

Flashcard 73: 1. **Identify** the mosquito (shown on back): _____ 2. **Habits**: Daytime biter; breeds in artificial water collections 3. **Spreads**: Dengue, Chikungunya, Yellow Fever

Answer: Aedes (Tiger) mosquito

Extra: Aedes mosquitoes are known as "Tiger mosquitoes" due to their characteristic black and white striped appearance. They typically bite during the day (dawn and dusk) and are known for "container breeding" in man-made objects.

Flashcard 74: Most common site of hospital-acquired infection is the _____ (often associated with long-term urinary catheters).

Answer: urinary tract

Flashcard 75: 1. Identify → _____ 2. Features → _____ 3. Spreads → _____

Answer: Hard ticks (Ixodidae)

Flashcard 76: countries hyper endemic for dengue are

Answer: india pakistan bangladesh

Extra: 

Flashcard 77: A person with a history of malaria should be deferred from **donating blood** for a period of _____

Answer: 3 years

Extra: According to WHO and Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, individuals with a history of malaria are deferred from blood donation for 3 years after they become asymptomatic. In some national guidelines (like NBTC India), this period may be shorter (e.g., 3 months after recovery), but the 3-year rule is the standard academic answer for competitive exams.

Flashcard 78: NTEP (National TB Elimination Programme) targets for 2025: - Reduce deaths by _____% - Reduce incidence by _____% - Reduce catastrophic costs due to TB to _____%

Answer: 90

Extra: India's National TB Elimination Programme (NTEP) has set accelerated targets to reach the End TB goals by 2025 (10 years ahead of the global 2035 target). NTEP 2025 Targets (compared to 2015): - 90% reduction in TB deaths - 80% reduction in TB incidence - 0% catastrophic costs for TB households

Flashcard 79: Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) are effective for a period of _____

Answer: 3 years

Flashcard 80: Rapid Diagnostic Kits (RDTs) for malaria are particularly useful in _____ states due to high prevalence.

Answer: North Eastern