Anesthetic Equipment and Monitoring — Flashcards

Flashcard 61: The most effective circuit for anesthesia under controlled breathing is Mapleson _____

Answer: D (Bain circuit)

Extra: Efficiency of Mapleson circuits: - **Controlled ventilation**: D > E > F > B > C > A - **Spontaneous ventilation**: A > D > E > C > B

Flashcard 62: Phase _____ of the normal capnograph is also known as inspiratory downstroke

Answer: 0

Flashcard 63: _____ angle is the transition from phase II to phase III in normal capnograph

Answer: Alpha angle

Extra: The **Alpha angle** (α angle) is the transition from phase II (expiratory upstroke) to phase III (alveolar plateau) on a capnograph. Normal value: 100°–110°. An increased alpha angle indicates obstructive lung disease (e.g., COPD, asthma). The **Beta angle** (β angle) represents the transition from phase III to phase IV (inspiration). Normal value: ~90°. An increased beta angle indicates rebreathing.

Flashcard 64: Rhythmic ripples on the expiratory plateau of a capnogram that coincide with the heart rate represent: _____

Answer: Cardiac oscillations

Extra: Cardiac oscillations are rhythmic ripples seen on the capnography waveform (usually in the expiratory plateau or descending limb) that coincide with the patient's heart rate. They are caused by the mechanical action of the heart beating against the lungs, causing small volumes of gas to move. They are more common in pediatric patients and those with slow respiratory rates.

Flashcard 65: The black and white pipeline in operation theatre is for _____.

Answer: air

Flashcard 66: Fluorescein leads to _____ in pulse oximetry readings.

Answer: No effect

Flashcard 67: Check valve/internal vapourizers is a part of the _____ pressure system of the anesthesia machine

Answer: low

Flashcard 68: The most effective circuit for anesthesia under spontaneous breathing is Mapleson _____

Answer: A

Flashcard 69: The energy that must be applied in a biphasic defibrillator is _____J

Answer: 120 - 200

Flashcard 70: Gas pipeline system is a part of the _____ pressure system of the anesthesia machine

Answer: intermediate