Brain and Neuroanatomy — Flashcards

Flashcard 81: The flexure between the _____ and the myelencephalon is called as the pontine flexure.

Answer: metencephalon

Flashcard 82: The vestibular system communicates directly with the nucleus tractus solitarius via the _____ nerve (CN VIII)

Answer: vestibulocochlear

Flashcard 83: The arrangement of cerebellar nuclei from _____ is dentate, emboliform, globose, and fastigial.

Answer: lateral to medial

Flashcard 84: At the superior end of the sulcus limitans, a bluish-gray area is produced by a cluster of nerve cells containing _____ pigment called substantia ferruginea

Answer: melanin

Flashcard 85: The abducens nucleus sends axons that course within the contralateral _____ to reach the oculomotor nucleus

Answer: MLF

Flashcard 86: The _____ nucleus is the portion of the medial longitudinal fasciculus responsible for vertical gaze

Answer: rostral interstitial

Flashcard 87: Within the ventral horn, alpha and gamma motoneurons that innervate _____ are located more ventrally

Answer: extensors

Flashcard 88: Special Visceral Efferent: fibers from the **Nucleus Ambiguus** travel with _____ to innervate the stylopharyngeus, pharyngeal, laryngeal, and soft palate muscles.

Answer: CN IX and X

Extra: The **Nucleus Ambiguus** provides Special Visceral Efferent (SVE) fibers (branchiomotor) to: 1. **CN IX:** Stylopharyngeus muscle. 2. **CN X:** Muscles of the pharynx, larynx, soft palate (except tensor veli palatini), and upper striated portion of the esophagus. 3. **CN XI (Cranial portion):** These fibers join the vagus nerve. The **sternocleidomastoid and trapezius** muscles are innervated by the **spinal accessory nucleus** (C1-C5/6), not the nucleus ambiguus.

Flashcard 89: The CSF in the 4th ventricle may enter the _____ via the lateral foramina (2) of Luschka

Answer: subarachnoid space

Flashcard 90: The dentate nucleus sends axons that decussate in the _____ and then synapse in the contralateral ventral lateral (VL) nucleus of the thalamus

Answer: superior cerebellar peduncle