Brain and Neuroanatomy — Flashcards

Flashcard 251: All muscles of the tongue except the palatoglossus are supplied by the _____ nerve.

Answer: Hypoglossal (CN XII)

Extra: The palatoglossus muscle is the only muscle of the tongue NOT supplied by the hypoglossal nerve; it is supplied by the pharyngeal plexus (Vagus nerve/CN X). **Muscles of the tongue:** 1. **Intrinsic:** Superior longitudinal, inferior longitudinal, transverse, and vertical (all CN XII). 2. **Extrinsic:** Genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus (all CN XII), and palatoglossus (CN X).

Flashcard 252: On the basis of function:_____ sulcus - A sulcus that separates two areas by its lip and contains a third area in its walls

Answer: Operculated

Flashcard 253: The largest division of the thalamus is the _____ thalamic nuclei.

Answer: lateral

Flashcard 254: Foramen of the skull:What part of the brain passes through the posterior part of foramen magnum?_____

Answer: medulla oblongata and cerebellar tonsils (2)

Flashcard 255: The _____ input constitutes the largest input to the thalamus

Answer: cerebral cortex

Flashcard 256: Unilateral trigeminal nerve compression can be due to _____ artery

Answer: superior cerebellar

Flashcard 257: _____ artery forms the main supply of the ventral optic chiasma

Answer: Anterior communicating and internal carotid

Flashcard 258: In the first 2 decades of life, ependymomas typically occur near the floor of the _____

Answer: fourth ventricle

Flashcard 259: Which cranial fossa is supplied by all three branches of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer: Middle cranial fossa

Extra: The **middle cranial fossa** is supplied by meningeal branches from all three divisions of the trigeminal nerve: - **V1 (Ophthalmic):** Recurrent meningeal branch (Nervus tentorii) - **V2 (Maxillary):** Meningeal branch - **V3 (Mandibular):** Nervus spinosus (Meningeal branch) In contrast: - **Anterior cranial fossa:** Supplied by V1 (ethmoidal nerves) and V2 (meningeal branches). - **Posterior cranial fossa:** Supplied by CN X (vagus) and CN XII (meningeal branches carrying fibers from C1-C2).

Flashcard 260: Relations of the Thalamus:Anterior pole of thalamus forms the posterior boundary of the _____

Answer: interventricular foramen