Brain and Neuroanatomy — Flashcards

Flashcard 101: Output fibres from thalamus project to the _____ and to the basal nuclei and hypothalamus

Answer: cerebral cortex

Flashcard 102: The length of the intra-_____ part of the optic nerve is 5-9mm

Answer: canalicular

Flashcard 103: Special Visceral Efferent: fibers from the **Nucleus Ambiguus** travel with _____ to innervate the stylopharyngeus, pharyngeal, laryngeal, and soft palate muscles.

Answer: CN IX and X

Extra: The **Nucleus Ambiguus** provides Special Visceral Efferent (SVE) fibers (branchiomotor) to: 1. **CN IX:** Stylopharyngeus muscle. 2. **CN X:** Muscles of the pharynx, larynx, soft palate (except tensor veli palatini), and upper striated portion of the esophagus. 3. **CN XI (Cranial portion):** These fibers join the vagus nerve. The **sternocleidomastoid and trapezius** muscles are innervated by the **spinal accessory nucleus** (C1-C5/6), not the nucleus ambiguus.

Flashcard 104: The _____-order neuron of the dorsal column-medial lemniscal tract decussates in the caudal medulla

Answer: 2nd

Flashcard 105: The _____ of the reticular formation is located in the posterior rostral pons and is responsible for synthesis of norepinephrine

Answer: locus coeruleus

Flashcard 106: _____ motoneurons are always ipsi-lateral to the muscle they innervate

Answer: Lower

Flashcard 107: The vestibular system communicates directly with the nucleus tractus solitarius via the _____ nerve (CN VIII)

Answer: vestibulocochlear

Flashcard 108: In accommodation reflex pathway, the afferent fibres from optic tract reach the _____ and finally end at the parastriate cortex

Answer: LGB

Flashcard 109: Rules of 4: Lesions in the brain stem that affect the _____ result in ipsi-lateral ataxia of the arm and leg

Answer: spinocerebellar pathway

Flashcard 110: Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is characterized by:- damage _____laterally to the mammillary bodies - periventricular hemorrhagic lesions to the dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus

Answer: bi