Kawasaki disease Practice Questions

Question 1

A 6-year-old boy presents to his pediatrician accompanied by his mother for evaluation of a rash. The rash appeared a little over a week ago, and since that time the boy has felt tired. He is less interested in playing outside, preferring to remain indoors because his knees and stomach hurt. His past medical history is significant for an upper respiratory infection that resolved uneventfully without treatment 2 weeks ago. Temperature is 99.5°F (37.5°C), blood pressure is 115/70 mmHg, pulse is 90/min, and respirations are 18/min. Physical exam shows scattered maroon macules and papules on the lower extremities. The abdomen is diffusely tender to palpation. There is no cervical lymphadenopathy or conjunctival injection. Which of the following will most likely be found in this patient?

Accepted Answer

Leukocytoclastic vasculitis

Answer

Coronary artery aneurysms

Answer

Thrombocytopenia

Answer

Mitral regurgitation

Answer

Occult malignancy

Question 2

A 9-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department because of progressively worsening shortness of breath for 3 days. He has had fever and malaise for the past 5 days. He had a sore throat 3 weeks ago that resolved without treatment. He appears ill. His temperature is 38.6°C (101.5°F), pulse is 98/min and blood pressure is 84/62 mm Hg. Pulse oximetry on room air shows an oxygen saturation of 93%. Examination shows jugular venous distension and bilateral ankle edema. There are erythematous, ring-shaped macules and patches over his trunk that are well-demarcated. Auscultation of the chest shows crackles at the lung bases bilaterally. An S3 is heard on cardiac auscultation. His hemoglobin concentration is 12.2 g/dL, leukocyte count is 13,600/mm3, and platelet count is 280,000/mm3. A urinalysis is normal. An x-ray of the chest shows cardiac silhouette enlargement with prominent vascular markings in both the lung fields. Which of the following is the most likely etiology of this patient's symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Acute rheumatic fever

Answer

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Answer

Kawasaki disease

Answer

Viral myocarditis

Answer

Infection with Borrelia burgdorferi

Question 3

A 4-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his mother with a rash on his trunk, malaise, and fever with spikes up to 38.5°C (101.3°F) for the past 2 weeks. The patient's mother says she tried giving him Tylenol with little improvement. Past medical history includes a spontaneous vaginal delivery at full term. The patient's vaccines are up-to-date and he has met all developmental milestones. On physical examination, his lips are cracking, and he has painful cervical lymphadenopathy. The rash is morbilliform and involves his trunk, palms, and the soles of his feet. There is fine desquamation of the skin of the perianal region. Which of the following anatomical structures is most important to screen for possible complications in this patient?

Accepted Answer

Coronary artery

Answer

Mitral valve

Answer

Kidneys

Answer

Gallbladder

Answer

Pylorus

Question 4

A 28-year-old male presents to his primary care physician with complaints of intermittent abdominal pain and alternating bouts of constipation and diarrhea. His medical chart is not significant for any past medical problems or prior surgeries. He is not prescribed any current medications. Which of the following questions would be the most useful next question in eliciting further history from this patient?

Accepted Answer

"Can you tell me more about the symptoms you have been experiencing?"

Answer

"Does the diarrhea typically precede the constipation, or vice-versa?"

Answer

"Is the diarrhea foul-smelling?"

Answer

"Please rate your abdominal pain on a scale of 1-10, with 10 being the worst pain of your life"

Answer

"Are the symptoms worse in the morning or at night?"

Question 5

A 7-year-old boy comes to the physician because of a generalized rash for 3 days. Over the past 5 days, he has also had a high fever and a sore throat. His 16-year-old sister was treated for infectious mononucleosis 2 weeks ago. He returned from a summer camp a week ago. His immunizations are up-to-date. Three years ago, he required intubation after an allergic reaction to dicloxacillin. The patient appears ill. His temperature is 38.2°C (100.8°F). Examination shows circumferential oral pallor. Cervical lymphadenopathy is present. There is tonsillar erythema and exudate. A confluent, blanching, punctate erythematous rash with a rough texture is spread over his trunk and extremities. His hemoglobin concentration is 13.3 g/dL, leukocyte count is 12,000/mm3, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate is 43 mm/h. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

Accepted Answer

Azithromycin therapy

Answer

Amoxicillin therapy

Answer

Doxycycline therapy

Answer

Cephalexin therapy

Answer

Acyclovir therapy

Question 6

A 2-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his parents because of facial swelling that has now progressed to total body swelling. He also complains of nausea and abdominal pain. The child was in his usual state of health a week ago when they first notice swelling around his eyes. A few days later his legs started to swell. The boy was born at 39 weeks gestation via spontaneous vaginal delivery. He is up to date on all vaccines and is meeting all developmental milestones. Today, his blood pressure is 104/60 mm Hg, the heart rate is 90/min, the respiratory rate is 25/min, and the temperature is 37.1°C (98.8°F). On examination, he has facial edema, abdominal shifting dullness, and bilateral leg edema up to the knees. Urine dipstick shows 4+ protein and urinalysis shows fatty casts. Serum albumin is 2.2 g/dL. Which of the following is the most likely etiology of this patient condition?

Accepted Answer

Minimal change disease

Answer

Acute glomerulonephritis

Answer

Congestive heart failure

Answer

Kwashiorkor

Answer

Protein-losing enteropathy

Question 7

A 9-month-old boy is brought to the physician because of increased irritability, continual crying, and fever for 1 day. His mother has noticed that he refuses to lie down on his right side and keeps tugging at his right ear. One week ago, he had a runny nose that has since improved. He was born at term and has been otherwise healthy. He was exclusively breastfed until 2 months of age and is currently bottle-fed with some solid foods introduced. He has been attending a daycare center for the past 5 months. His temperature is 38.4°C (101.1°F) and pulse is 144/min. Otoscopic examination in this child is most likely to show which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Bulging erythematous tympanic membrane

Answer

Erythematous external auditory canal

Answer

Vesicles in the ear canal

Answer

Brown mass within the ear canal

Answer

Retracted opacified tympanic membrane

Question 8

A 3-year-old boy is brought to the physician for evaluation of developmental delay. He could sit alone at 12 months and started walking with support at the age of 2 years. He can name only very few familiar objects and uses simple two-word sentences. He cannot stack more than 2 blocks. His parents report that he does not like playing with other children. He is at the 80th percentile for head circumference, 85th percentile for height, and 50th percentile for weight. He has a long and narrow face as well as large protruding ears. His thumbs can be passively flexed to the ipsilateral forearm. This patient is at increased risk of developing which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Mitral regurgitation

Answer

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Answer

Acute myeloid leukemia

Answer

Aortic dissection

Answer

Hyperuricemia

Question 9

A 4-day-old male infant is brought to the physician because of respiratory distress and bluish discoloration of his lips and tongue. He was born at term and the antenatal period was uncomplicated. His temperature is 37.3°C (99.1°F), pulse is 170/min, respirations are 65/min, and blood pressure is 70/46 mm Hg. Pulse oximetry on room air shows an oxygen saturation of 82%. A grade 3/6 holosystolic murmur is heard over the left lower sternal border. A single S2 that does not split with respiration is present. Echocardiography shows defects in the interatrial and interventricular septae, as well as an imperforate muscular septum between the right atrium and right ventricle. Further evaluation of this patient is most likely to show which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Left-axis deviation on electrocardiogram

Answer

Elfin facies

Answer

Tracheal bowing on chest x-ray

Answer

Increased pulmonary vascular markings on chest x-ray

Answer

Delta wave on electrocardiogram

Question 10

A 3500-g (7.7-lbs) girl is delivered at 39 weeks' gestation to a 27-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1. Apgar scores are 8 and 9 at 1 and 5 minutes, respectively. The mother had regular prenatal visits throughout the pregnancy. She did not smoke or drink alcohol. She took multivitamins as prescribed by her physician. The newborn appears active. The girl's temperature is 37°C (98.6°F), pulse is 120/min, and blood pressure is 55/35 mm Hg. Examination in the delivery room shows clitoromegaly. One day later, laboratory studies show:
Hemoglobin 12.8 g/dL
Leukocyte count 6,000/mm3
Platelet count 240,000/mm3
Serum
Na+ 133 mEq/L
K+ 5.2 mEq/L
Cl− 101 mEq/L
HCO3− 21 mEq/L
Urea nitrogen 15 mg/dL
Creatinine 0.8 mg/dL
Ultrasound of the abdomen and pelvis shows normal uterus and normal ovaries. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in the management of this newborn patient?

Accepted Answer

Hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone therapy

Answer

Spironolactone therapy

Answer

Estrogen replacement therapy

Answer

Dexamethasone therapy

Answer

Genital reconstruction surgery

Kawasaki disease

Study Resources

Lessons

Questions

Flashcards

Lessons

Diagnostic criteria and clinical features

Atypical Kawasaki presentation

Laboratory findings

Cardiac complications and evaluation

Acute phase management

IVIG resistance

Coronary artery aneurysms

Long-term cardiac follow-up

Differential diagnosis

Recurrence risk

Pathophysiology theories

Age-specific considerations

Long-term outcomes

Practice Questions

Flashcards

About Kawasaki disease for USMLE

Lessons in Kawasaki disease

Master Kawasaki disease