Vaccine-preventable diseases Practice Questions

Question 1

A 1-year-old immigrant girl presents to her pediatrician for a routine well-child check. She has not received any recommended vaccines since birth. She attends daycare and remains healthy despite her daily association with several other children for the past 3 months at a home daycare facility. Which of the following phenomena explains why she has not contracted any vaccine-preventable diseases such as measles, diphtheria, or pertussis?

Accepted Answer

Herd immunity

Answer

Genetic shift

Answer

Tolerance

Answer

Immune evasion

Answer

Genetic drift

Question 2

A 3-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department after the sudden onset of a rash that started on the head and progressed to the trunk and extremities. Over the past week, he has had a runny nose, a cough, and red, crusty eyes. He recently immigrated with his family from Yemen and immunization records are unavailable. The patient appears malnourished. His temperature is 40.0°C (104°F). Examination shows generalized lymphadenopathy and a blanching, partially confluent maculopapular exanthema. Administration of which of the following is most likely to improve this patient's condition?

Accepted Answer

Retinol

Answer

Live-attenuated vaccine

Answer

Valacyclovir

Answer

Penicillin V

Answer

Intravenous immunoglobulin

Question 3

A 27-year-old G0P0 female presents to her OB/GYN for a preconception visit to seek advice before becoming pregnant. A detailed history reveals no prior medical or surgical history, and she appears to be in good health currently. Her vaccination history is up-to-date. She denies tobacco or recreational drug use and admits to drinking 2 glasses of wine per week. She states that she is looking to start trying to become pregnant within the next month, hopefully by the end of January. Which of the following is NOT recommended as a next step for this patient's preconception care?

Accepted Answer

Administer measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccination

Answer

Begin 400 mcg folic acid supplementation

Answer

Obtain rubella titer

Answer

Obtain varicella zoster titer

Answer

Recommend inactivated influenza vaccination

Question 4

A student health coordinator plans on leading a campus-wide HIV screening program that will be free for the entire undergraduate student body. The goal is to capture as many correct HIV diagnoses as possible with the fewest false positives. The coordinator consults with the hospital to see which tests are available to use for this program. Test A has a sensitivity of 0.92 and a specificity of 0.99. Test B has a sensitivity of 0.95 and a specificity of 0.96. Test C has a sensitivity of 0.98 and a specificity of 0.93. Which of the following testing schemes should the coordinator pursue?

Accepted Answer

Test C on the entire student body followed by Test A on those who are positive

Answer

Test A on the entire student body followed by Test B on those who are positive

Answer

Test A on the entire student body followed by Test C on those who are positive

Answer

Test C on the entire student body followed by Test B on those who are positive

Answer

Test B on the entire student body followed by Test A on those who are positive

Question 5

A 19-year-old male arrives to student health for an annual check up. He is up to date on his infant and childhood vaccinations up to age 10. At age 12, he received a single dose of the tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccine, and a quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine. A month ago, he received the influenza vaccine. The patient has no significant medical history. He takes over the counter ibuprofen for occasional headaches. He has a father with hypertension and hyperlipidemia, and his brother has asthma. He is sexually active with his current girlfriend. He denies tobacco use, illicit drug use, and recent or future travel. The patient’s temperature is 98°F (36.7°C), blood pressure is 118/78 mmHg, pulse is 70/min, and respirations are 14/min with an oxygen saturation of 99% O2 on room air. A physical examination is normal. What of the following is the best recommendation for vaccination?

Accepted Answer

Human papillomavirus vaccine

Answer

Hepatitis A vaccine

Answer

Herpes zoster vaccine

Answer

Pneumococcal vaccine

Answer

Tetanus and reduced diphtheria toxoid booster

Question 6

A 21-year-old U.S. born first year medical student with no prior hospital or healthcare work presents to the physician for a routine physical exam. The patient is HIV negative, denies drug use, and denies sick contacts. The physician places a purified protein tuberculin test in the patient's right forearm intradermally. What is the proper time to read the test and induration diameter that would indicate a positive test result?

Accepted Answer

72 hours and 16mm diameter

Answer

36 hours and 7mm diameter

Answer

48 hours and 11mm diameter

Answer

96 hours and 14mm diameter

Answer

24 hours and 18mm diameter

Question 7

An 11-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his mother because of a pruritic generalized rash for 2 days. He returned from a 3-day outdoor summer camp 1 week ago. During his time there, one child was sent home after being diagnosed with measles. The patient was diagnosed with a seizure disorder 6 weeks ago and he has asthma. Current medications include carbamazepine and an albuterol inhaler. His immunization records are unavailable. His temperature is 38.4°C (101.1°F), pulse is 88/min, and blood pressure is 102/60 mm Hg. Examination shows facial edema and a diffuse rash over the face, trunk, and extremities. There is cervical and inguinal lymphadenopathy. The remainder of the examination shows no abnormalities. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

Accepted Answer

Discontinue carbamazepine

Answer

Perform rapid plasma reagin test

Answer

Heterophile antibody test

Answer

Perform measles serology

Answer

Administer penicillin therapy

Question 8

A 28-year-old male presents to his primary care physician with complaints of intermittent abdominal pain and alternating bouts of constipation and diarrhea. His medical chart is not significant for any past medical problems or prior surgeries. He is not prescribed any current medications. Which of the following questions would be the most useful next question in eliciting further history from this patient?

Accepted Answer

"Can you tell me more about the symptoms you have been experiencing?"

Answer

"Does the diarrhea typically precede the constipation, or vice-versa?"

Answer

"Is the diarrhea foul-smelling?"

Answer

"Please rate your abdominal pain on a scale of 1-10, with 10 being the worst pain of your life"

Answer

"Are the symptoms worse in the morning or at night?"

Question 9

A 2-year-old boy presents to the pediatrician for evaluation of an elevated temperature, sore throat, runny nose, and lacrimation for the past week, and a rash which he developed yesterday. The rash began on the patient’s face and spread down to the trunk, hands, and feet. The patient’s mother gave him ibuprofen to control the fever. The child has not received mumps, measles, and rubella vaccinations because he was ill when the vaccine was scheduled and was later lost to follow-up. The vital signs include blood pressure 90/50 mm Hg, heart rate 110/min, respiratory rate 22/min, and temperature 37.8°C (100.0℉). On physical examination, the child was drowsy. His face, trunk, and extremities were covered with a maculopapular erythematous rash. Two irregularly-shaped red dots were also noted on the mucosa of the lower lip. The remainder of the physical examination was within normal limits. What is the probable causative agent for this child’s condition?

Accepted Answer

Morbillivirus

Answer

Group A Streptococcus

Answer

Rubulavirus

Answer

Influenzavirus

Answer

Herpesvirus

Question 10

A 16-year-old female presents to her pediatrician complaining of 2 weeks of fever and 1 week of swollen lumps in her left armpit. Upon examination of the left upper extremity, her physician notes the presence of a single papule which the patient claimed appeared one week ago. The patient started her first job at a pet store 2.5 weeks ago. Which of the following is the vector of transmission of the causative agent?

Accepted Answer

Cats

Answer

Rabbits

Answer

Animal urine

Answer

Parrots

Answer

Armadillos

Vaccine-preventable diseases

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Principles of vaccination

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Childhood immunization schedule

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Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis

Measles, mumps, rubella

Polio and Haemophilus influenzae

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Influenza vaccination

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Vaccine hesitancy and public health

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