Infectious Diseases Practice Questions

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of antibiotic resistance?

Accepted Answer

Increased drug absorption

Answer

Efflux pump activity

Answer

Inactivation by enzymes such as beta-lactamase

Answer

Modification of drug target sites

Question 2

Which of the following statements about antibiotic resistance in N. gonorrhoeae is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Tetracycline resistance is primarily mediated by beta-lactamase production

Answer

Ceftriaxone resistance typically involves alterations in the penA gene

Answer

Resistance to fluoroquinolones is often due to mutations in gyrA and parC genes

Answer

Spectinomycin resistance remains extremely rare globally

Question 3

A healthcare worker develops fever, night sweats, and cough. Sputum shows acid-fast bacilli. What is the next diagnostic test?

Accepted Answer

NAAT for TB

Answer

Gram stain

Answer

Serology for TB

Answer

Sputum culture

Question 4

Why is a regimen of four drugs recommended for a TB patient on the first visit?

Accepted Answer

To prevent emergence of drug-resistant strains

Answer

To reduce bacterial load effectively

Answer

To minimize treatment duration

Answer

None of the options

Question 5

Which of the following is the best parameter to predict virulence of acute infectious illness?

Accepted Answer

Case fatality rate

Answer

Incidence

Answer

Secondary attack rate

Answer

Crude death rate

Question 6

An adult male patient presented in the OPD with complaints of cough and fever for 3 months and haemoptysis off and on. His sputum was positive for AFB. On probing it was found that he had already received treatment with RHZE for 3 weeks from a nearby hospital and discontinued. How will you categorize and manage the patient?

Accepted Answer

Category I: New case, intensive phase (2RHZE)

Answer

Category II: Relapse, intensive phase (2RHZES)

Answer

Category IV: Multi-drug resistant TB, intensive phase (individualized regimen)

Answer

Category II: Treatment after default, intensive phase (2RHZE)

Question 7

In a patient with suspected sepsis, which of the following is the MOST appropriate initial intervention?

Accepted Answer

Obtain blood cultures and start broad-spectrum antibiotics immediately

Answer

Start vasopressor support as first-line treatment

Answer

Begin aggressive fluid restriction to prevent organ dysfunction

Answer

Wait for culture results before starting any treatment

Question 8

Sepsis screen includes all the following EXCEPT?

Accepted Answer

Platelet count

Answer

Total leucocyte count

Answer

Absolute neutrophil count

Answer

IT ratio

Question 9

Best guide for the management of Resuscitation is:

Accepted Answer

Urine output

Answer

Blood pressure

Answer

Saturation of Oxygen

Answer

CVP

Question 10

A 64-year-old woman presents to the emergency room with flank pain and fever, accompanied by dysuria for the past three days. Blood and urine cultures are obtained, and she is started on intravenous ciprofloxacin. Six hours after admission, she becomes tachycardic and her blood pressure drops. Her intravenous fluid is normal saline at a rate of 100 mL/h. Her current vital signs are blood pressure of 79/43 mm Hg, heart rate of 128 beats per minute, respiratory rate of 26 breaths per minute, and a temperature of 39.2°C (102.5°F). She appears drowsy yet uncomfortable. Her extremities are warm with trace edema. What is the best next course of action?

Accepted Answer

Administer a bolus of NS.

Answer

Begin norepinephrine infusion and titrate to mean arterial pressure greater than 65 mm Hg.

Answer

Add vancomycin to her antibiotic regimen for improved gram-positive coverage.

Answer

Administer IV hydrocortisone at stress dose.

Infectious Diseases

Study Resources

Lessons

Questions

Flashcards

Lessons

Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy

Fever of Unknown Origin

HIV/AIDS and Related Infections

Tuberculosis and Mycobacterial Diseases

Tropical and Parasitic Infections

Viral Infections (Hepatitis, Herpes, etc.)

Healthcare-Associated Infections

Fungal Infections

Sepsis and Septic Shock

Infection in Immunocompromised Hosts

Emerging and Re-emerging Infections

Antimicrobial Resistance

Vaccination Principles

Practice Questions

Flashcards

About Infectious Diseases for NEET-PG

Lessons in Infectious Diseases

Master Infectious Diseases