Acid-Base and Electrolyte Balance Practice Questions

Question 1

All of the following statements about acid-base disorders are true, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Metabolic acidosis is compensated by increasing Pco2

Answer

Buffering may be intra & extra cellular

Answer

pH determined by Pco2 and HCO3

Answer

Respiratory acidosis is compensated by HCO3

Question 2

HCO3/H2CO3 is the best buffer because it is:

Accepted Answer

Its components can be increased or decreased in the body as needed

Answer

Good acceptor and donor of H+ ions

Answer

Combination of a weak acid and weak base

Answer

pKa near physiological pH

Question 3

Increased anion gap metabolic acidosis is associated with all of the following conditions except:

Accepted Answer

Diarrhoea

Answer

Starvation

Answer

Lactic acidosis

Answer

Salicylate poisoning

Question 4

What is the most common cause of normal anion gap metabolic acidosis?

Accepted Answer

Diarrhoea

Answer

Ingestion of ammonium chloride

Answer

Lactic acidosis

Answer

Ethylene glycol intoxication

Answer

Renal tubular acidosis

Answer

Salicylate intoxication

Answer

External pancreatic drainage

Answer

Chronic renal failure

Answer

Methanol/Formaldehyde intoxication

Answer

Uterosigmoidostomy

Answer

Ketoacidosis

Question 5

Patient with severe acidosis is treated with

Accepted Answer

i.v. NaHCO3

Answer

Dextrose

Answer

Ringers lactate

Answer

None of the options

Question 6

Good measure of systemic perfusion on ABG is:

Accepted Answer

Lactate and / or the base deficit

Answer

Bicarbonate

Answer

PCO2

Answer

pH

Question 7

Which one of the following biochemical abnormalities can be produced by repeated vomiting?

Accepted Answer

Metabolic alkalosis

Answer

Metabolic acidosis

Answer

Ketosis

Answer

Uraemia

Question 8

In G6PD deficiency, which enzyme's function is MOST directly impaired due to decreased NADPH availability, leading to reduced protection against oxidative stress?

Accepted Answer

Glutathione reductase

Answer

Catalase

Answer

Pyruvate kinase

Answer

Superoxide dismutase

Question 9

Which is the most effective buffer system in the blood that is controlled by respiration?

Accepted Answer

Bicarbonates

Answer

Hemoglobin

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Phosphates

Question 10

High anion gap is seen in which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acidosis

Answer

Renal failure

Answer

Diarrhea

Answer

Alcoholism

Acid-Base and Electrolyte Balance

Study Resources

Lessons

Questions

Flashcards

Lessons

Acid-Base Chemistry and Buffers

pH Regulation in Body Fluids

Respiratory Regulation of Acid-Base Balance

Renal Regulation of Acid-Base Balance

Respiratory and Metabolic Acidosis

Respiratory and Metabolic Alkalosis

Mixed Acid-Base Disorders

Interpretation of Arterial Blood Gases

Electrolyte Homeostasis

Sodium and Water Balance

Potassium Balance

Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism

Practice Questions

Flashcards

About Acid-Base and Electrolyte Balance for NEET-PG

Lessons in Acid-Base and Electrolyte Balance

Master Acid-Base and Electrolyte Balance