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A 60-year-old woman with a history of emphysema has been referred by her pulmonologist for follow-up pulmonary function testing. During the test, the patient reaches a point where her airway pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure. Which of the following is most likely to be found during this respiratory state?
APulmonary vascular resistance is at a maximum
BTransmural pressure of the lung-chest wall system is at a maximum
CTransmural pressure of the chest wall is at a minimum
DPulmonary vascular resistance is at a minimum
ETransmural pressure of the lung-chest wall system is at a minimum
Which of the following physiologic changes decreases pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR)?
AInhaling the inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
BExhaling the entire vital capacity (VC)
CExhaling the expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
DBreath holding maneuver at functional residual capacity (FRC)
EInhaling the entire vital capacity (VC)
A 55-year-old man with a 60 pack-year smoking history is referred by his primary care physician for a pulmonary function test (PFT). A previously obtained chest x-ray is shown below. Which of the following will most likely appear in his PFT report?
AResidual volume increased, total lung capacity decreased
BResidual volume normal, total lung capacity decreased
CResidual volume normal, total lung capacity normal
DResidual volume decreased, total lung capacity increased
EResidual volume increased, total lung capacity increased
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