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ChapterPhysiology GI physiology (digestion, absorption, motility)

Defecation reflex

Free notes, MCQs, tables & flowcharts for USMLE Step 2 CK Physiology

10Questions
10Flashcards
2Tables & Flowcharts

Sample Questions

1

A 5-year-old boy with Down syndrome presents with his mother. The patient’s mother says that he isn’t playing or eating as much as he used to and seems lethargic. Expected developmental delays are present and stable. Physical examination reveals dry mucous membranes and abdominal distention with no tenderness to palpation. An abdominal radiograph is shown in the image below. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis in this patient?

AUlcerative colitis

BAnal atresia

CHirschsprung's disease

DPyloric stenosis

EIncarcerated hernia

2

A 32-year-old woman presents to the office with complaints of intense anal pain every time she has a bowel movement. The pain has been present for the past 4 weeks, and it is dull and throbbing in nature. It is associated with mild bright red bleeding from the rectum that is aggravated during defecation. She has no relevant past medical history. When asked about her sexual history, she reports practicing anal intercourse. The vital signs include heart rate 98/min, respiratory rate 16/min, temperature 37.6°C (99.7°F), and blood pressure 110/66 mm Hg. On physical examination, the anal sphincter tone is markedly increased, and it's impossible to introduce the finger due to severe pain. What is the most likely diagnosis?

ALocal anal trauma

BRectal prolapse and paradoxical contraction of the puborectalis muscle

CInflammatory bowel disease

DAnorectal abscess

EHemorrhoidal disease

3

A 45-year-old woman comes to the office with a 2-week history of rectal bleeding that occurs every day with her bowel movements. She denies any pain during defecation. Apart from this, she does not have any other complaints. Her past medical history is insignificant except for 5 normal vaginal deliveries. Her vitals are a heart rate of 72/min, a respiratory rate of 15/min, a temperature of 36.7°C (98.1°F), and a blood pressure of 115/85 mm Hg. On rectovaginal examination, there is a palpable, non-tender, prolapsed mass that can be pushed back by the examiner's finger into the anal sphincter. What is the most likely diagnosis?

ARectal ulcer

BAnal fissure

CHemorrhoids

DProctitis

EAnorectal fistula

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