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Free notes, MCQs, tables & flowcharts for USMLE Step 1 Anatomy
A 47-year-old woman comes to the physician because of fatigue, difficulty falling asleep, and night sweats for the past 6 months. Over the past year, her menstrual cycle has become irregular and her last menstrual period was 2 months ago. She quit smoking 2 years ago. Pelvic exam shows vulvovaginal atrophy. A pregnancy test is negative. Which of the following changes is most likely to occur in this patient's condition?
ADecreased gonadotropin-releasing hormone
BIncreased inhibin B
CDecreased luteinizing hormone
DIncreased estrogen
EIncreased follicle-stimulating hormone
A researcher is studying the effects of hormones on different cells within the ovarian follicle. She adds follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) to a culture of ovarian follicle cells. She then measures the activity levels of different enzymes within the cells. Which enzyme and ovarian cell type would be expected to be stimulated by the addition of FSH?
ADesmolase; theca interna cell
BAromatase; theca externa cell
CAromatase; granulosa cell
DDesmolase; granulosa cell
EAromatase; theca interna cell
A 27-year-old woman visits her family physician complaining of the recent onset of an unpleasant fish-like vaginal odor that has started to affect her sexual life. She was recently treated for traveler’s diarrhea after a trip to Thailand. External genitalia appear normal on pelvic examination, speculoscopy shows a gray, thin, homogenous, and malodorous vaginal discharge. Cervical mobilization is painless and no adnexal masses are identified. A sample of the vaginal discharge is taken for saline wet mount examination. Which of the following characteristics is most likely to be present in the microscopic evaluation of the sample?
AClue cells on saline smear
BHyphae
CMotile flagellates
DPolymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) to epithelial cell ratio of 2:1
EGram-negative diplococci
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