Antibiotics — MCQs

A 33-year-old man is admitted to hospital with a 1-week history of productive bloody cough, weight loss, and nocturnal sweats. He is of a lower socioeconomic status and has a history of alcohol and drug abuse. On physical examination his vital signs are as follows: blood pressure is 130/70 mm Hg, heart rate is 89/min, respiratory rate is 18/min, and temperature is 37.9℃ (100.2℉). Physical examination is remarkable for a unilateral left-sided focus of diminished vesicular respiration and rales. X-ray shows a focus of infiltration in the upper portion of the left lung that is 2 cm in diameter with signs of cavitation. A nucleic acid amplification test is positive for M. tuberculosis. The patient is prescribed an anti-tuberculosis (TB) regimen that includes rifampin. Which target will be inhibited by rifampin, and which process will be disrupted?

A 6-year-old boy is brought to the pediatric emergency department after having an accident at school. According to his parents, he punched a student in the mouth, which caused a deep laceration to his hand. The child’s past medical history is unremarkable and all of his vaccines are current. A physical examination is significant for stable vital signs and lacerations over the 3rd and 4th metacarpophalangeal joints of his dominant hand. Which of the following antibiotic regimens is best for this type of injury?

A 47–year-old man presents to the emergency department with worsening weakness in the setting of persistent abdominal pain. The man arrived to the United States 6 months ago and has been working in a restaurant as a cook. His abdominal pain started 4 months ago, but he could not find time away from work to see a doctor. He reports nausea but denies any vomiting. His temperature is 98.6°F (37°C), blood pressure is 98/61 mmHg, pulse is 110/min, and respirations are 18/min. He has no cardiac murmurs but does have tenderness in his epigastric region. His heme-occult test is positive. His laboratory workup notes the following: Hemoglobin: 7.2 g/dL Hematocrit: 23% Leukocyte count: 11,000/mm^3 with normal differential Platelet count: 470,000/mm^3 Serum: Na+: 137 mEq/L Cl-: 109 mEq/L K+: 3.1 mEq/L HCO3-: 23 mEq/L BUN: 52 mg/dL Glucose: 89 mg/dL Creatinine: 0.9 mg/dL An esophagogastroduodenoscopy reveals the presence of a mass surrounded by bleeding ulcers. On initial shave biopsy, the preliminary diagnosis is mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue lymphoma (MALToma). What is the best next step in management?

A 12-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his parents after he was bitten by a friend's cat while playing at their house. The patient reports moderate pain of the right hand and wrist but has full range of motion and strength. He is up to date on his vaccinations and is generally healthy. His vitals are unremarkable. Physical exam reveals a deep puncture wound that is actively bleeding. The wound is irrigated and a dressing is applied. Which of the following is appropriate management of this patient?

A 31-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department because of a severe right-sided temporal headache with conjunctival swelling and anterior bulging of the left eye for 1 hour. The patient has had right-sided purulent nasal discharge and nasal congestion for the past 2 days. There is no personal or family history of serious illness. The patient does not smoke or drink alcohol. She takes no medications. She appears to be in acute distress. Her temperature is 40°C (104°F), pulse is 105/min, and blood pressure is 125/80 mm Hg. Examination shows bilateral ptosis. The pupils are equal and reactive to light; lateral gaze of the left eye is limited. Ophthalmic examination shows periorbital edema and chemosis of the left eye. The remainder of the examination shows no abnormalities. The patient most likely requires treatment with which of the following?

A 42-year-old woman comes to the physician because of pain in her left ankle for 2 days. The pain is worse at night and with exercise. Five days ago, the patient was diagnosed with Salmonella gastroenteritis and started on ciprofloxacin. She has ulcerative colitis, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. She has smoked two packs of cigarettes daily for 25 years and drinks 2–3 beers daily. Current medications include mesalamine, hydrochlorothiazide, and simvastatin. She is 158 cm (5 ft 2 in) tall and weighs 74 kg (164 lb); BMI is 30 kg/m2. Her temperature is 36.7°C (98°F), pulse is 75/min, and blood pressure is 138/85 mm Hg. There is tenderness above the left posterior calcaneus and mild swelling. There is normal range of motion of the left ankle with both active and passive movement. Calf squeeze does not elicit plantar flexion. Which of the following is the most likely underlying mechanism for this patient's symptoms?

A 5-year-old girl is brought to the physician because of a 2-day history of redness and foreign body sensation in both eyes. She has not had vision loss. Her mother reports that she has also had violent coughing spells followed by a high-pitched inspiratory sound during this time. For the past week, she has had low-grade fevers and a runny nose. Her only vaccinations were received at birth. Her temperature is 37.7°C (99.9°F). Examination shows conjunctival hemorrhage and petechiae. Oropharyngeal examination shows no abnormalities. Which of the following is the most appropriate pharmacotherapy?

You are a resident in the surgical ICU. One of the patients you are covering is a 35-year-old pregnant G1P0 in her first trimester admitted for complicated appendicitis and awaiting appendectomy. Your attending surgeon would like you to start the patient on moxifloxacin IV preoperatively. You remember from your obstetrics clerkship, however, that moxifloxacin is Pregnancy Category C, and animal studies have shown that immature animals exposed to fluoroquinolones like moxifloxacin may experience cartilage damage. You know that there are potentially safer antibiotics, such as piperacillin/tazobactam, which is in Pregnancy Category B. What should you do?

A 2-year-old boy is brought to the office by his mother due to the recent onset of fever and ear pain. He began tugging on his ear and complaining of pain 3 days ago. The mother reports a temperature of 37.8°C (100.0°F) this morning, with decreased appetite. The current temperature is 38.6ºC (101.4ºF). Ear, nose, and throat (ENT) examination shows erythema and decreased mobility of the right tympanic membrane. Which is the most appropriate pharmacological agent for the management of this patient?

A 24-year-old man presents to the physician because of headache, malaise, fatigue, aching pain in the bones, and a non-itchy skin rash for the past week. He reports that he had developed a single, raised, red-colored eruption over the glans penis 2 months ago, which had healed spontaneously 1 month ago. Physical examination shows bilaterally symmetric, discrete, round, pale-red-colored, 5–10 mm-sized macules on his trunk and extremities, including over the palms and soles. His genital examination shows reddish-brown plaques on the penis. Venereal disease research laboratory test is positive and high-sensitivity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for HIV is negative. Fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption test is positive. Eight hours after the administration of intramuscular benzathine penicillin, the patient presents to the emergency department with complaints of fever with chills, worsening headache, muscle pains, and worsening of his pre-existing skin lesions for the past 4 hours. There is no history of itching. His temperature is 38.5°C (101.3°F), heart rate is 108/min, respiratory rate is 24/min, and blood pressure is 104/76 mm Hg. There is no bronchospasm. His complete blood count shows leukocytosis with lymphopenia. What is the most appropriate next step in management?