Systemic Pathology — MCQs

Four days after admission to the hospital for acute pancreatitis, a 41-year-old man develops hypotension and fever. His temperature is 39.1°C (102.3°F), pulse is 115/min, and blood pressure is 80/60 mm Hg. Physical examination shows warm extremities, asymmetric calf size, and blood oozing around his IV sites. There are numerous small, red, non-blanching macules and patches covering the extremities, as well as several large ecchymoses. His hemoglobin concentration is 9.0 g/dL. A peripheral blood smear shows schistocytes and decreased platelets. Which of the following sets of serum findings are most likely in this patient? $$$ Prothrombin time %%% Partial thromboplastin time %%% Fibrinogen %%% D-dimer $$$

A 12-year-old boy is brought by his parents to the physician for a fever for the past 2 days. His temperature is 101.3°F (38.5°C). His medical history is significant for sickle cell disease and recurrent infections. A year ago, he underwent spleen scintigraphy with technetium-99m that revealed functional hyposplenism. Which of the following findings would be found in a peripheral blood smear from this patient?

A previously healthy 15-year-old girl is brought to the physician by her parents for lethargy, increased thirst, and urinary frequency for 10 days. She is 173 cm (5 ft 8 in) tall and weighs 54 kg (120 lb); BMI is 18 kg/m2. Physical examination shows no abnormalities. Her serum glucose concentration is 224 mg/dL. A urine dipstick is positive for ketone bodies. Which of the following is most likely involved in the pathogenesis of this patient's condition?

A 30-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of weakness and fatigue for 2 days. She has also noticed that her urine is darker than usual. For the past week, she has had a persistent non-productive cough and low-grade fever. She has seasonal allergies. She drinks one to two glasses of wine on social occasions and does not smoke. Her temperature is 37.9°C (100.2°F), pulse is 88/min, respirations are 18/min, and blood pressure is 110/76 mm Hg. She has conjunctival pallor and scleral icterus. Cardiopulmonary examination shows bibasilar crackles. The remainder of the physical examination shows no abnormalities. Laboratory studies show: Leukocyte count 8,000/mm3 Hemoglobin 7.1 g/dL Hematocrit 21% Platelet count 110,000/mm3 MCV 94 μm3 Serum Total bilirubin 4.3 mg/dL Direct 1.1 mg/dL Indirect 3.2 mg/dL AST 15 U/L ALT 17 U/L LDH 1,251 U/L Haptoglobin 5.8 mg/dL (N = 41–165) An x-ray of the chest shows bilateral patchy infiltrates. A peripheral blood smear shows spherocytes. Which of the following is most likely to confirm the diagnosis?

A 57-year-old female visits her primary care physician with 2+ pitting edema in her legs. She takes no medications and does not use alcohol, tobacco, or illicit drugs. 4.5 grams of protein are collected during 24-hour urine excretion. A kidney biopsy is obtained. Examination with light microscopy shows diffuse thickening of the glomerular basement membrane. Electron microscopy shows subepithelial spike and dome deposits. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis:

A 40-year-old woman has complaints of dyspnea, cough, and arthritis in her ankle joints. A CT scan reveals multiple granulomas in both lungs, as well as bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy. On examination, cutaneous nodules over the trunk are found. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, angiotensin-converting enzyme, and serum calcium levels are elevated. She is treated with steroids. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A physician is describing a case to his residents where a kidney transplant was rapidly rejected by the recipient minutes after graft perfusion. The physician most likely describes all of the following manifestations EXCEPT?

A 15-year-old Caucasian male is brought to his pediatrician by his parents, who note the development of a tremor in their child. Urine and serum analysis reveal elevated levels of copper. Which of the following clinical manifestations would the physician most expect to see in this patient?

A 19-year-old college student is brought to the emergency department by his roommates after being found unconscious on their dorm room floor. His temperature is 102.0°F (38.9°C) and blood pressure is 85/64 mmHg. On physical examination, he has multiple petechiae on the skin covering his abdomen and lower limbs. Lab tests reveal hyperkalemia and an arterial blood gas test that reads pH: 7.04, pCO2: 30.1 mmHg, pO2: 83.4 mmHg. What is the most likely diagnosis for this patient's condition?

A 28-year-old female suffering from a urinary tract infection is given trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) by her physician. Several days later, she begins to experience itchiness and joint pain. Laboratory and histologic analysis reveals vasculitis and antibody complexes deposited near the basement membrane of the glomerulus. What other serological finding is expected with this presentation?