Chronic inflammation — MCQs

A 25-year-old man presents to the emergency department after a motor vehicle accident. He was the unrestrained front seat driver in a head on collision. The patient is unresponsive and his medical history is unknown. His temperature is 99.5°F (37.5°C), blood pressure is 67/38 mmHg, pulse is 190/min, respirations are 33/min, and oxygen saturation is 98% on room air. The patient is started on IV fluids, blood products, and norepinephrine. A FAST exam is performed and a pelvic binder is placed. One hour later, his temperature is 98.3°F (36.8°C), blood pressure is 119/66 mmHg, pulse is 110/min, respirations are 15/min, and oxygen saturation is 97% on room air. The patient is currently responsive. Management of the patient's pelvic fracture is scheduled by the orthopedic service. While the patient is waiting in the emergency department he suddenly complains of feeling hot, aches, and a headache. The patient's temperature is currently 101°F (38.3°C). He has not been given any pain medications and his past medical history is still unknown. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A 7-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of a 5-day history of fever, malaise, and joint pain. He had a sore throat 4 weeks ago that resolved without treatment. His temperature is 38.6°C (101.5°F) and blood pressure is 84/62 mm Hg. Physical examination shows several firm, painless nodules under the skin near his elbows and the dorsal aspect of both wrists. Cardiopulmonary examination shows bilateral basilar crackles and a blowing, holosystolic murmur heard best at the cardiac apex. Both knee joints are warm. Laboratory studies show an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 129 mm/h. The immune response seen in this patient is most likely due to the presence of which of the following?

A 3-year-old recent immigrant is diagnosed with primary tuberculosis. Her body produces T cells that do not have IL-12 receptors on their surface, and she is noted to have impaired development of Th1 T-helper cells. Which of the following cytokines would benefit this patient?

A 42-year-old woman presents complaining of pain in her hands. She reports that the pain is in both hands, and that it is usually worse in the morning. She reports that her hands are also stiff in the morning, but that this gradually improves throughout the morning. She notes, however, that her symptoms seem to be getting worse over the last three months. What is the most likely pathogenesis of her disease process?

A 55-year-old homeless man is presented to the emergency department by a group of volunteers after they found him coughing up blood during 1 of the beneficiary dinners they offer every week. His medical history is unknown as he recently immigrated from Bangladesh. He says that he has been coughing constantly for the past 3 months with occasional blood in his sputum. He also sweats a lot at nights and for the past 2 days, he has been thirsty with increased frequency of urination and feeling hungrier than usual. The respiratory rate is 30/min and the temperature is 38.6°C (101.5°F). He looks emaciated and has a fruity smell to his breath. The breath sounds are reduced over the apex of the right lung. The remainder of the physical exam is unremarkable. Biochemical tests are ordered, including a hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (8.5%) and chest radiography reveals cavitations in the apical region of the right lung. Which of the following immune cells is most critical in orchestrating the formation and maintenance of the granulomatous structure that led to these cavitations?

A 31-year-old woman scrapes her finger on an exposed nail and sustains a minor laceration. Five minutes later, her finger is red, swollen, and painful. She has no past medical history and does not take any medications. She drinks socially with her friends and does not smoke. The inflammatory cell type most likely to be prominent in this patient's finger has which of the following characteristics?

A 34-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 6-week history of fever and productive cough with blood-tinged sputum. She has also had a 4-kg (8.8-lb) weight loss during the same time period. Examination shows enlarged cervical lymph nodes. An x-ray of the chest shows a 2.5-cm pulmonary nodule in the right upper lobe. A biopsy specimen of the lung nodule shows caseating granulomas with surrounding multinucleated giant cells. Which of the following is the most likely underlying cause of this patient's pulmonary nodule?

A 12-year-old child is exposed to pollen while playing outside. The allergen stimulates TH2 cells of his immune system to secrete a factor that leads to B-cell class switching to IgE. What factor is secreted by the TH2 cell?

A 37-year-old man presents to his primary care physician because he has had constipation for the last several weeks. He has also been feeling lethargic and complains that this winter has been particularly cold. He also complains that he has been gaining weight despite no change in his normal activities. He reveals that two months prior to presentation he had what felt like the flu for which he took Tylenol and did not seek medical attention. Several days after this he developed anterior neck pain. Which of the following findings would most likely be seen on biopsy of this patient's abnormality?

A 45-year-old immigrant presents with unintentional weight loss, sleep hyperhidrosis, and a persistent cough. He says these symptoms have been present for quite some time. Upon imaging, many granulomas in the upper lobes are present. It is noted that these apical granulomas have centers of necrosis that appear cheese-like in appearance. Encircling the area of necrosis are large cells with cytoplasms pale in color. Of the following surface markers, which one is most closely associated with these cells?