Pituitary disorders — MCQs

A 27-year-old woman, gravida 1, para 1, presents to the obstetrics and gynecology clinic because of galactorrhea, fatigue, cold intolerance, hair loss, and unintentional weight gain for the past year. She had placenta accreta during her first pregnancy with an estimated blood loss of 2,000 mL. Her past medical history is otherwise unremarkable. Her vital signs are all within normal limits. Which of the following is the most likely cause of her symptoms?

A 42-year-old man who is employed as a construction worker presents to his primary care physician with complaints of moderate headaches and profuse sweating. He reports the need to carry up to 3 additional shirt changes to work because they drench quickly even with tasks of low physical exertion. His coworkers have commented about his changing glove and boot sizes, which have increased at least 4 times since he joined the company 10 years ago. Physical examination is unremarkable except for blood pressure of 160/95 mm Hg, hyperhidrosis, noticeably large pores, hypertrichosis, widely spaced teeth, and prognathism. Which of the following best explains the patient’s clinical manifestations?

A 61-year-old male presents to an urgent care clinic with the complaints of pain in his joints and recurrent headaches for a month. He is also currently concerned about sweating excessively even at room temperature. His wife, who is accompanying him, adds that his facial appearance has changed over the past few years as he now has a protruding jaw and a prominent forehead and brow ridge. His wedding ring no longer fits his finger despite a lack of weight gain over the last decade. His temperature is 98.6° F (37° C), respirations are 15/min, pulse is 67/min and blood pressure is 122/88 mm Hg. A general physical exam does not show any abnormality. What lab findings are most likely to be seen in this patient?

A 28-year-old patient comes to the physician’s office with complaints of headaches and difficulty seeing out of the corner of her eye. She gave birth to her son 1 year ago. Further visual testing reveals the patient has bitemporal hemianopsia. The patient undergoes brain MRI which shows an anterior pituitary mass, likely adenoma. The patient has her blood tested to see if the adenoma is secreting extra hormone. The patient is found to have a slight excess of a hormone that uptakes a basophilic stain. Which of the following is most likely to be the hormone detected in her blood?

Four months after giving birth, a young woman presents to the hospital complaining of lack of breast milk secretion. The patient complains of constantly feeling tired. Physical exam reveals that she is slightly hypotensive and has lost a significant amount of weight since giving birth. The patient states that she has not experienced menstruation since the birth. Which of the following is likely to have contributed to this patient's presentation?

A 34-year-old woman, who had her first child 2 weeks ago, visits her family physician with concerns about constant fatigue and difficulty with breastfeeding. She was discharged from the intensive care unit after hospitalization for severe postpartum hemorrhage. Since then, she has tried multiple pumps and self-stimulation to encourage breast milk production; however, neither of these strategies has worked. Her blood pressure is 88/56 mm Hg and heart rate is 120/min. Which of the following best explains the underlying condition of this patient?

A 48-year-old female presents to the emergency room with mental status changes. Laboratory analysis of the patient's serum shows: Na 122 mEq/L K 3.9 mEq/L HCO3 24 mEq/L BUN 21 mg/dL Cr 0.9 mg/dL Ca 8.5 mg/dL Glu 105 mg/dL Urinalysis shows: Osmolality 334 mOsm/kg Na 45 mEq/L Glu 0 mg/dL Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A 42-year-old man comes to the physician for the evaluation of episodic headaches involving both temples for 5 months. The patient has been taking acetaminophen, but it has not provided relief. He has also had double vision. Ophthalmic examination shows impaired peripheral vision bilaterally. Contrast MRI of the head shows a 14 x 10 x 8-mm intrasellar mass. Further evaluation is most likely to show which of the following findings?

A 48-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by his neighbor, who found him lying unconscious at the door of his house. The patient lives alone and no further history is available. On physical examination, his temperature is 37.2ºC (98.9ºF), pulse rate is 114/min, blood pressure is 116/78 mm Hg, and respiratory rate is 22/min. His Glasgow Coma Scale score is 7 and the patient is intubated. A stat serum osmolality is reported at 260 mmol/kg. Based on the provided information, which of the following conditions is most likely present in this patient?

A 38-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 2, is brought to the emergency department by her husband after an episode of unconsciousness. She delivered a healthy infant two weeks ago and the postpartum course was complicated by severe vaginal bleeding, for which she required 4 units of packed red blood cells. Since the blood transfusion, she has had decreased milk production and has felt fatigued. Her pulse is 118/min and blood pressure is 104/63 mm Hg. Her finger-stick glucose concentration is 34 mg/dL. Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyroxine levels are low and the serum sodium level is 132 mEq/L. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient's condition?