Abdominal lymphatic drainage — MCQs

A 34-year-old patient presents with severe pain in the right upper quadrant that radiates to the right shoulder. During laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which of the following anatomical spaces must be carefully identified to prevent bile duct injury?

During a surgical procedure to repair an abdominal aortic aneurysm, the surgeon must be careful to avoid injury to which of the following arterial structures that originates near the level of the renal vessels?

A 29-year-old man presents to his primary care provider complaining of testicular pain. He reports a four-day history of dull chronic pain in his left testicle that is worse with standing. His past medical history is notable for asthma and major depressive disorder. He takes inhaled albuterol as needed and sertraline. He is sexually active with a single female partner and always uses barrier protection. His temperature is 99.2°F (37.3°C), blood pressure is 125/75 mmHg, pulse is 85/min, and respirations are 17/min. Physical examination reveals a non-tender twisted mass along the left spermatic cord that disappears when the patient lies supine. This patient’s condition most likely stems from decreased laminar flow at which of the following vascular junctions?

A 32-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of a wound in his foot. Four days ago, he stepped on a nail while barefoot at the beach. Examination of the plantar surface of his right foot shows a purulent puncture wound at the base of his second toe with erythema and tenderness of the surrounding skin. The afferent lymphatic vessels from the site of the lesion drain directly into which of the following groups of regional lymph nodes?

A 76-year-old woman comes to the physician for evaluation of a 3-month history of vulvar itching and pain. She was diagnosed with lichen sclerosus 4 years ago. She has smoked 1 pack of cigarettes daily for 35 years. Physical examination shows a 2.5-cm nodular, ulcerative lesion on the vaginal introitus and left labia minora with surrounding erythema. Punch biopsy shows squamous cell carcinoma. A CT scan of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis shows enlarged lymph nodes concerning for metastatic disease. Which of the following lymph node regions is the most likely primary site of metastasis?

A 62-year-old female presents to her primary care physician complaining of bloody stool. She reports several episodes of bloody stools over the past two months as well as a feeling of a mass near her anus. She has one to two non-painful bowel movements per day. She has a history of alcohol abuse and hypertension. Anoscopy reveals engorged vessels. Which of the following vessels most likely drains blood from the affected region?

A 59-year-old woman presents to her primary care provider with a 6-month history of progressive left-arm swelling. Two years ago she had a partial mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection for left breast cancer. She was also treated with radiotherapy at the time. Upon further questioning, she denies fever, pain, or skin changes, but reports difficulty with daily tasks because her hand feels heavy and weak. She is bothered by the appearance of her enlarged extremity and has stopped playing tennis. On physical examination, nonpitting edema of the left arm is noted with hyperkeratosis, papillomatosis, and induration of the skin. Limb elevation, exercise, and static compression bandaging are started. If the patient has no improvement, which of the following will be the best next step?

A 39-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician because she has been experiencing intermittent abdominal pain for the last 2 weeks. She says that the pain is squeezing in nature, is located in the right upper quadrant, and is particularly severe after eating a meal. After a diagnosis is made, the patient asks why the pain gets worse after eating. The physician explains that food is detected by the gastrointestinal tract through numerous receptors and that this information is transmitted to other parts of the body to cause compensatory changes. The neurons responsible for transmitting this information are most likely located in a layer of the intestine that has which of the following characteristics?

A 23-year-old man comes to the physician because of a whistling sound during respiration for the past 3 weeks. He reports that the whistling is becoming louder, and is especially loud when he exercises. He says the noise is frustrating for him. Six months ago, the patient underwent outpatient treatment for an uncomplicated nasal fracture after being hit in the nose by a high-velocity stray baseball. Since the accident, the patient has been taking aspirin for pain. He has a history of asymptomatic nasal polyps. His temperature is 37°C (98.6°F), pulse is 70/min, respirations are 12/min, and blood pressure is 110/70 mm Hg. Physical examination shows no abnormalities. Which of the following, if performed immediately after the initial nasal fracture, would have prevented the whistling during respiration?

A 7-year-old girl comes in to the emergency department with her mother for swelling of her left periorbital region. Yesterday morning she woke up with a painful, warm, soft lump on her left eyelid. Eye movement does not worsen the pain. Physical examination shows redness and swelling of the upper left eyelid, involving the hair follicles. Upon palpation, the swelling drains purulent fluid. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?