UPSC-CMS 2024 Practice Questions

Q: Consider the following milks : 1. Buffalo milk 2. Cow milk 3. Goat milk 4. Human milk What is the correct order (from highest to lowest) with regard to fat content per 100 gm in the milk?

1 → 3 → 4 → 2. ***1 → 3 → 4 → 2*** - **Buffalo milk** generally has the highest fat content (around 6-7%), followed by **goat milk** (4.1%), **human milk** (3.8-4.5%), and finally **cow milk** (3.2-3.8%). - This order reflects the typical fat percentage found in these types of milk, which varies based on breed, diet, and individual factors. *2 → 1 → 4 → 3* - This order incorrectly places cow milk as having the highest fat content and goat milk as the lowest, which is not accurate. - Cow milk typically has a lower fat percentage than buffalo milk. *1 → 2 → 3 → 4* - While buffalo milk is correctly identified as having the highest fat content, this order incorrectly places cow milk above goat milk and human milk. - Human milk and goat milk generally have higher fat content than cow milk. *4 → 2 → 3 → 1* - This order places human milk as having the highest fat content, which is incorrect as buffalo milk consistently has a higher fat content. - It also reverses the correct order for buffalo and cow milk.

Q: Which of the following are unsaturated fatty acids? 1. Lauric acid 2. Linoleic acid 3. Oleic acid 4. Palmitic acid Select the correct answer using the code given below.

2 and 3. ***2 and 3*** - **Linoleic acid** is an **omega-6 fatty acid** with two double bonds, making it polyunsaturated. - **Oleic acid** is an **omega-9 fatty acid** with one double bond, making it monounsaturated. *1 and 4* - **Lauric acid** is a **saturated fatty acid** with no double bonds. - **Palmitic acid** is also a **saturated fatty acid** with no double bonds. *1 and 2* - While **linoleic acid** (2) is unsaturated, **lauric acid** (1) is a saturated fatty acid. - This option incorrectly includes a saturated fatty acid. *3 and 4* - While **oleic acid** (3) is unsaturated, **palmitic acid** (4) is a saturated fatty acid. - This option incorrectly includes a saturated fatty acid.

Q: As per the United Nations definition of a vital events registration system, ‘vital events’ include which of the following? 1. Foetal deaths 2. School admissions 3. Legal separations 4. College graduations Select the correct answer using the code given below.

1 and 3. ***Correct: 1 and 3*** According to the **United Nations Principles and Recommendations for a Vital Statistics System (Rev. 3)**, vital events are demographic events that have significant impact on an individual's legal status and population statistics. **Foetal deaths (1)** are explicitly included as vital events because they impact **reproductive health statistics** and **population data**. They represent crucial demographic outcomes related to pregnancy and birth outcomes. **Legal separations (3)** are recognized vital events as they fundamentally **alter the civil/marital status** of individuals and must be recorded in vital statistics systems. They fall within the category of marriage-related vital events (marriages, divorces, annulments, legal separations). ### Core vital events per UN definition: - Live births - Deaths (including foetal deaths) - Marriages - Divorces - Legal separations - Adoptions - Legitimations - Recognitions - Annulments *Incorrect: 2 and 3* While **legal separations (3)** are vital events, **school admissions (2)** are NOT considered vital events. School admissions are **administrative processes** related to education, not fundamental demographic or legal changes that affect civil status or population dynamics. *Incorrect: 2 and 4* Neither **school admissions (2)** nor **college graduations (4)** are vital events per UN definition. These are **educational milestones and administrative records** for educational purposes. They do not represent changes in vital status or core demographic events like births, deaths, marriages, or divorces. *Incorrect: 1 and 2* While **foetal deaths (1)** are vital events, **school admissions (2)** are not. School admissions are administrative educational records that do not represent demographic events or changes in an individual's legal/civil status that would be captured in a vital statistics system.

Q: Consider the following statements regarding Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD): 1. It is transmitted by ticks. 2. It was originally called 'pig disease' because of the association with dead pigs. 3. It was first recognized in Karnataka State. How many of the statements given above are correct?

Only two of the statements. ***Only two of the statements*** - Statement 1 is **correct**: KFD is a **tick-borne viral hemorrhagic fever**, primarily transmitted by infected *Haemaphysalis spinigera* ticks - Statement 3 is **correct**: KFD was first identified in the **Kyasanur Forest of Karnataka, India** in 1957 - Statement 2 is **incorrect**: KFD was originally called **'monkey disease' or 'monkey fever'**, not 'pig disease', because of its strong association with **monkey deaths** which serve as an early warning sign *All the three statements* - Incorrect because Statement 2 is false - the disease was associated with monkeys, not pigs *None of the statements* - Incorrect because statements 1 and 3 are both factually accurate regarding **tick-borne transmission** and **geographical origin in Karnataka** *Only one of the statements* - Incorrect because two statements (1 and 3) are correct, not just one

Q: In countries with low levels of measles transmission, what should be the appropriate age for starting immunization with measles-containing vaccine (MCV)?

12 months. ***12 months*** - In countries with **low measles transmission**, the recommended age for the first dose of **Measles-Containing Vaccine (MCV)** is **12 months** (or 12-15 months). - In low-transmission settings, **maternal antibodies persist longer** due to reduced natural boosting from circulating virus, so vaccination can be safely delayed to 12 months for optimal immune response. - This timing ensures maternal antibodies have waned sufficiently while avoiding interference with vaccine effectiveness. *9 months* - The 9-month schedule is recommended for countries with **high measles transmission** where the risk of early infection is greater. - In low-transmission settings, vaccinating at 9 months would mean giving the vaccine when maternal antibodies may still interfere with seroconversion. - WHO recommends 9 months only in high-burden countries or outbreak situations. *15-18 months* - This age range is typically reserved for the **second dose** of the measles vaccine (MCV2) to ensure long-term immunity and catch up children who didn't respond to the first dose. - Starting immunization at this age would leave a significant period of vulnerability to measles infection. - The two-dose schedule provides approximately 97% protection when completed. *6 months* - Administering MCV at 6 months is generally not recommended as maternal **antibodies** are still high and can significantly interfere with the vaccine's effectiveness, leading to poor immune response. - Vaccination at this age might be considered only in very high-risk situations like **outbreaks**, during international travel to endemic areas, or in emergency humanitarian settings. - When given at 6 months, it is not counted as part of the routine schedule, and the child still needs doses at 9 and 15 months.

Q: The method of combined disposal of refuse and night soil is known as

composting. ***Composting*** - Composting is a biological process where **organic matter**, including refuse and night soil, **decomposes** under controlled conditions to produce a **nutrient-rich humus**. - This method effectively **stabilizes waste**, reduces pathogens, and recycles valuable resources back into the environment. *Incineration* - Incineration involves the **combustion of waste at high temperatures** to reduce its volume and weight, often producing energy. - It is primarily used for **solid waste disposal** and is not typically combined with night soil due to the high moisture content and potential for air pollution. *Dumping* - Dumping refers to the **unregulated disposal of waste** in open areas, leading to environmental pollution and health hazards. - This method provides **no treatment** or control for refuse or night soil and is an unsanitary practice. *Controlled tipping* - Controlled tipping, or **sanitary landfilling**, involves depositing waste in a systematic manner, covering it with soil daily to minimize environmental impact. - While it's an improved waste disposal method, it doesn't involve the **biological breakdown and resource recovery associated with combining night soil with refuse**.

Q: Consider the following statements about working of septic tanks : 1. They are recommended for large communities, rather than small communities. 2. There should be no air space between the level of liquid in the tank and the undersurface of the cover. 3. Liquid effluent from the outlet pipe is free from all pathogens. How many of the statements given above are correct?

Only one of the statements. ***Only one of the statements*** - **This is correct.** Only statement 2 is accurate regarding septic tank operation. **Analysis of each statement:** **Statement 1 (Incorrect):** Septic tanks are recommended for **small communities and individual households**, NOT large communities. Large communities require centralized sewage treatment plants with higher capacity and more sophisticated treatment processes. Septic tanks are ideal for rural areas, scattered housing, and small institutions where centralized sewage systems are not feasible. **Statement 2 (Correct):** There should be **no air space** (or minimal air space) between the liquid level and the cover undersurface to maintain **anaerobic conditions** essential for septic tank functioning. The anaerobic bacteria that decompose organic matter require an oxygen-free environment. This design principle ensures proper digestion of sewage solids in the tank. **Statement 3 (Incorrect):** Liquid effluent from septic tanks is **NOT free from all pathogens**. The septic tank provides only primary treatment, removing settleable solids and partially digesting organic matter. The effluent still contains pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and parasites. This is why the effluent requires further treatment through soak pits, leach fields, or secondary treatment before safe disposal. *All the three statements* - Incorrect because statements 1 and 3 are false. *Only two of the statements* - Incorrect because only statement 2 is accurate. *None of the statements* - Incorrect because statement 2 about maintaining anaerobic conditions is correct.

Q: Monkeypox, a viral zoonotic disease, is caused by

a double-stranded DNA virus. ***a double-stranded DNA virus*** - Monkeypox is caused by the **monkeypox virus (MPXV)**, which belongs to the **Poxviridae family**. - Viruses in the Poxviridae family are known for having a **double-stranded DNA genome**. *a single-stranded RNA virus* - Many common viruses, such as **SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)**, **influenza virus**, and **HIV**, are single-stranded RNA viruses. - This genomic structure is fundamentally different from that of the monkeypox virus. *a single-stranded DNA virus* - Viruses like **Parvovirus B19** are single-stranded DNA viruses. - This type of genome is less common in human pathogens compared to double-stranded DNA or RNA viruses. *a double-stranded RNA virus* - Viruses such as **rotaviruses**, which cause gastroenteritis, are double-stranded RNA viruses. - While also double-stranded, its RNA nature distinguishes it from the DNA genome of monkeypox virus.

Question 1

Consider the following milks :

1. Buffalo milk
2. Cow milk
3. Goat milk
4. Human milk

What is the correct order (from highest to lowest) with regard to fat content per 100 gm in the milk?

Accepted Answer

1 → 3 → 4 → 2

Answer

2 → 1 → 4 → 3

Answer

1 → 2 → 3 → 4

Answer

4 → 2 → 3 → 1

Question 2

Which of the following are unsaturated fatty acids?

1. Lauric acid
2. Linoleic acid
3. Oleic acid
4. Palmitic acid
Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Accepted Answer

2 and 3

Answer

1 and 4

Answer

1 and 2

Answer

3 and 4

Question 3

As per the United Nations definition of a vital events registration system, 
‘vital events’ include which of the following? 
1. Foetal deaths 
2. School admissions 
3. Legal separations 
4. College graduations 
Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Accepted Answer

1 and 3

Answer

2 and 3

Answer

2 and 4

Answer

1 and 2

Question 4

Consider the following statements regarding Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD):

1. It is transmitted by ticks.
2. It was originally called 'pig disease' because of the association with dead pigs.
3. It was first recognized in Karnataka State.

How many of the statements given above are correct?

Accepted Answer

Only two of the statements

Answer

All the three statements

Answer

None of the statements

Answer

Only one of the statements

Question 5

In countries with low levels of measles transmission, what should be the appropriate age for starting immunization with measles-containing vaccine (MCV)?

Accepted Answer

12 months

Answer

9 months

Answer

15-18 months

Answer

6 months

Question 6

Raju, a 6-year-old boy, was returning home from school. At the gate, he was scratched by a dog and there was some bleeding from the wound. Which option should be followed for the post-exposure prophylaxis?

Accepted Answer

Wash the wound, vaccinate with ARV and administer immunoglobulin

Answer

Wash the wound and vaccinate with ARV only

Answer

Wash and apply antiseptic to the wound

Answer

Wash the wound and administer a shot of tetanus toxoid

Question 7

The method of combined disposal of refuse and night soil is known as

Accepted Answer

composting

Answer

incineration

Answer

dumping

Answer

controlled tipping

Question 8

Consider the following statements about working of septic tanks :

1. They are recommended for large communities, rather than small communities.
2. There should be no air space between the level of liquid in the tank and the undersurface of the cover.
3. Liquid effluent from the outlet pipe is free from all pathogens. How many of the statements given above are correct?

Accepted Answer

Only one of the statements

Answer

All the three statements

Answer

Only two of the statements

Answer

None of the statements

Question 9

In India, the most widely prevalent stage of iron deficiency is

Accepted Answer

decreased iron stores without any other detectable abnormalities

Answer

fall in percentage saturation of transferrin

Answer

decrease in the concentration of circulating haemoglobin

Answer

overt iron deficiency with impaired haemoglobin synthesis

Question 10

Monkeypox, a viral zoonotic disease, is caused by

Accepted Answer

a double-stranded DNA virus

Answer

a single-stranded RNA virus

Answer

a single-stranded DNA virus

Answer

a double-stranded RNA virus

UPSC-CMS 2024

Biochemistry

Community Medicine

Microbiology