FMGE 2023 - Anatomy Practice Questions

Q: To what level of vertebrae does the marked structure correspond?

At the junction of L3 & L4. ***At the junction of L3 & L4*** - The umbilicus, indicated by the arrow, is a key surface landmark that typically corresponds to the level of the **intervertebral disc** between the **L3 and L4 vertebrae**. - This anatomical relationship is important for clinical procedures, as the **supracristal plane** (a line between the iliac crests) crosses near the L4 vertebra, helping to landmark sites for **lumbar puncture**. *At the junction of L1 & L2* - This vertebral level corresponds to the **transpyloric plane**, which is a different landmark located superior to the umbilicus. - Important structures at the L1/L2 level include the **pylorus of the stomach**, the hila of the kidneys, and the termination of the spinal cord (**conus medullaris**) in adults. *At the junction of L2 & L3* - This level is superior to the anatomical position of the umbilicus. - It corresponds to the location of the inferior border of the third part of the **duodenum** and the origin of the **inferior mesenteric artery** is often around L3. *At the junction of T12 & L1* - This is a much higher vertebral level, associated with the origin of the **celiac trunk** and the **superior mesenteric artery** from the abdominal aorta. - It is located significantly superior to the umbilicus and is near the **diaphragmatic hiatus** for the aorta.

Q: Identify the pelvis type given below.

Android. ***Android*** - This pelvis is characterized by a **heart-shaped** or triangular inlet, with a narrow forepelvis, as seen in the image. - It features **prominent ischial spines** and a narrow subpubic arch, making it unfavorable for vaginal delivery and associated with a higher risk of **dystocia**. *Platypoid* - The platypoid pelvis has a **kidney-shaped** or **transversely oval** inlet, where the transverse diameter is significantly wider than the anteroposterior diameter. - This type is the rarest and is unfavorable for childbirth as the fetal head may have difficulty engaging in the short anteroposterior diameter. *Anthropoid* - The anthropoid pelvis has a **long, narrow, oval-shaped** inlet, where the anteroposterior diameter is greater than the transverse diameter. - This shape often leads to the engagement of the fetal head in the **occiput-posterior** position but is generally favorable for vaginal delivery. *Gynecoid* - This is the classic female pelvis, featuring a **rounded** or slightly oval inlet with a wide transverse diameter, which is most favorable for childbirth. - It has a wide **subpubic arch** (greater than 90 degrees), non-prominent ischial spines, and a spacious pelvic cavity, facilitating an uncomplicated vaginal delivery.

Q: In the sagittal section of the brain given below the colored area represents the paracentral lobule. Which of the following structures are affected in a lesion to this area?

Perineum and leg. ***Perineum and leg*** - The **paracentral lobule**, located on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere, contains the primary motor and somatosensory cortical areas for the contralateral **leg**, **foot**, and **perineum**. - A lesion in this area, often due to an **anterior cerebral artery (ACA) stroke**, typically results in motor and sensory deficits in the contralateral leg and foot, and may also cause **urinary incontinence** due to involvement of the cortical micturition center. *Scapular region and neck* - The cortical representations for the scapular region and neck are located on the **superolateral surface** of the precentral and postcentral gyri, not on the medial surface where the paracentral lobule lies. - These areas are supplied by the **middle cerebral artery (MCA)**, not the ACA. *Trunk and shoulder* - According to the **motor and sensory homunculus**, the trunk and shoulder areas are located more superiorly and laterally on the cerebral cortex, lateral to the paracentral lobule. - A lesion affecting these areas would involve the superolateral convexity of the hemisphere, which has a different vascular supply (MCA). *Face and neck* - The cortical areas for the face and neck are situated on the **inferolateral aspect** of the precentral and postcentral gyri. - Lesions here are characteristic of an **MCA stroke** and would result in contralateral facial weakness and sensory loss, sparing the lower limbs.

Question 1

To what level of vertebrae does the marked structure correspond?

Accepted Answer

At the junction of L3 & L4

Answer

At the junction of L1 & L2

Answer

At the junction of L2 & L3

Answer

At the junction of T12 & L1

Question 2

Identify the pelvis type given below.

Accepted Answer

Android

Answer

Platypoid

Answer

Anthropoid

Answer

Gynecoid

Question 3

In the sagittal section of the brain given below the colored area represents the paracentral lobule. Which of the following structures are affected in a lesion to this area?

Accepted Answer

Perineum and leg

Answer

Face and neck

Answer

Trunk and shoulder

Answer

Scapular region and neck

FMGE 2023 — Anatomy