FMGE 2013 Previous Year Questions Practice Questions

Q: Partial claw hand is caused by lesion involving the:

Ulnar nerve. ***Ulnar nerve*** - A lesion of the **ulnar nerve** causes a **partial claw hand** (also called "ulnar claw") because the **medial two lumbricals** (which flex the MCP joints and extend the IP joints of the 4th and 5th digits) and the **interossei** are paralyzed [1]. - This leads to hyperextension at the **metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints** and flexion at the **interphalangeal (IP) joints** of the **4th and 5th fingers only** (hence "partial") [1]. - The lateral two fingers (index and middle) are spared because their lumbricals are supplied by the median nerve [1]. *Anterior interosseous nerve* - Injury to the **anterior interosseous nerve** primarily affects the **flexor pollicis longus**, **flexor digitorum profundus** (index and middle fingers), and **pronator quadratus**. - This results in the inability to make an "OK" sign (pinch sign) and does not typically cause a claw hand deformity. *Radial nerve* - A **radial nerve** lesion leads to **wrist drop** and the inability to extend the wrist and fingers. - This deformity is distinct from a claw hand, which involves hyperextension at the MCP joints and flexion at the IP joints. *Median nerve* - A **median nerve** lesion results in a "hand of benediction" or "ape hand" deformity, affecting the **thenar muscles** and the **lateral two lumbricals** [1]. - This involves paralysis of the thumb's opposition and the inability to flex the index and middle fingers, not the characteristic clawing of the 4th and 5th digits. [Practice more FMGE 2013 questions on OnCourse]

Q: Lynching is a type of:

Homicidal hanging. ***Homicidal hanging*** - **Lynching** is a form of **extrajudicial punishment** carried out by groups, most commonly involving **hanging** as a method of execution. - This act is driven by **prejudice** or group hatred, aligning with the definition of **homicidal intent** rather than self-inflicted harm or accident. *Suicidal hanging* - **Suicidal hanging** is an individual act where a person intentionally ends their own life by suspension. - It lacks the element of **group violence** and **premeditated murder** by others characteristic of lynching. *Judicial hanging* - **Judicial hanging** is a legal method of execution carried out by the state following due process and a court order. - Lynching, in contrast, is an **illegal** act outside the bounds of the legal system, violating established laws. *Accidental hanging* - **Accidental hanging** occurs when a person inadvertently suspends themselves, often during play or an unfortunate incident. - This type of hanging lacks any **malicious intent**, which is a defining characteristic of lynching. [Practice more FMGE 2013 questions on OnCourse]

Q: Symptoms of food poisoning seen within 6 h are commonly due to:

Staphylococcus aureus. ***Staphylococcus aureus*** - Food poisoning due to *Staphylococcus aureus* is caused by preformed **enterotoxins** in the food, leading to rapid onset of symptoms, typically within 1-6 hours. - Common symptoms include **nausea**, **vomiting**, **abdominal cramps**, and **diarrhea**, often appearing abruptly and resolving within 24-48 hours. *Shigella* - *Shigella* infections typically cause symptoms after an **incubation period of 1-7 days**, which is much longer than the 6-hour window. - It is characterized by **dysentery** (bloody and mucoid stools), fever, and severe abdominal cramps, resulting from direct invasion of the intestinal mucosa. *Bacillus cereus* - *Bacillus cereus* can cause two types of food poisoning: diarrheal (onset 6-15 hours) and emetic (onset 0.5-6 hours). While the emetic form can occur within 6 hours, it is more specifically associated with contaminated **rice products** and prominent vomiting. - The emetic type is due to a **preformed toxin (cereulide)**, but *S. aureus* is a more common and general cause of rapid-onset food poisoning across various food types. *Salmonella* - Food poisoning from *Salmonella* typically has an **incubation period of 6 hours to 6 days**, usually 12-72 hours. - Symptoms include **fever**, diarrhea (which can be bloody), abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, and are due to bacterial invasion rather than preformed toxin. [Practice more FMGE 2013 questions on OnCourse]

Q: All of the following diuretics increase K+ excretion EXCEPT:

Triamterene. ***Triamterene*** - **Triamterene** is a **potassium-sparing diuretic** that blocks epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) in the collecting duct, thereby reducing sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion. - Unlike most other diuretics, it causes **decreased K+ excretion** and can lead to hyperkalemia. *Acetazolamide* - **Acetazolamide** is a **carbonic anhydrase inhibitor** that acts in the proximal tubule, inhibiting bicarbonate reabsorption. - This leads to increased delivery of sodium and bicarbonate to the collecting duct, which enhances **potassium secretion** and increases K+ excretion. *Thiazide* - **Thiazide diuretics** (e.g., hydrochlorothiazide) act by inhibiting the Na+/Cl- cotransporter in the **distal convoluted tubule**. - This increases the delivery of sodium to the collecting duct, which stimulates the exchange of sodium for **potassium**, leading to increased K+ excretion and hypokalemia. *Furosemide* - **Furosemide** is a **loop diuretic** that inhibits the Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter in the **thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle**. - This prevents the reabsorption of these ions, leading to increased delivery of sodium to the collecting duct, which promotes **potassium secretion** and increased K+ excretion. [Practice more FMGE 2013 questions on OnCourse]

Q: All are features of organophosphorus poisoning, except:

Mydriasis. ***Mydriasis*** - Organophosphorus poisoning leads to excessive **acetylcholine** activity, causing **miosis** (pinpoint pupils), not mydriasis. - Mydriasis would indicate **anticholinergic** effects, which are opposite to the symptoms of organophosphorus poisoning. *Lacrimation* - Excess **acetylcholine** stimulates **muscarinic receptors** in lacrimal glands, leading to excessive tear production. - This is a classic "SLUDGE" symptom (Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation, Gastric upset, Emesis). *Bradycardia* - Increased **acetylcholine** activity at cardiac muscarinic receptors (M2 receptors) slows the heart rate, causing **bradycardia**. - This is a common and potentially dangerous cardiovascular effect of organophosphorus poisoning. *Sweating* - **Acetylcholine** acts on muscarinic receptors in secretory glands, including sweat glands, causing profuse **sweating**. - This is another characteristic cholinergic symptom due to widespread autonomic overstimulation. [Practice more FMGE 2013 questions on OnCourse]

Question 1

Partial claw hand is caused by lesion involving the:

Accepted Answer

Ulnar nerve

Answer

Anterior interosseous nerve

Answer

Radial nerve

Answer

Median nerve

Question 2

Lynching is a type of:

Accepted Answer

Homicidal hanging

Answer

Suicidal hanging

Answer

Judicial hanging

Answer

Accidental hanging

Question 3

Symptoms of food poisoning seen within 6 h are commonly due to:

Accepted Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer

Shigella

Answer

Bacillus cereus

Answer

Salmonella

Question 4

All of the following diuretics increase K+ excretion EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Triamterene

Answer

Acetazolamide

Answer

Thiazide

Answer

Furosemide

Question 5

All are features of organophosphorus poisoning, except:

Accepted Answer

Mydriasis

Answer

Lacrimation

Answer

Bradycardia

Answer

Sweating

Question 6

Antidote for benzodiazepine poisoning: FMGE 10, 13; NEET 14

Accepted Answer

Flumazenil

Answer

Naloxone

Answer

Atropine

Answer

N-acetyl-cysteine

Question 7

A patient presented with bleeding from thigh and broken 5th rib on right side. What should be done first:

Accepted Answer

Control bleeding

Answer

Strapping of chest

Answer

Internal fixation of rib

Answer

Wait & watch

Question 8

Curling ulcer is seen in:

Accepted Answer

Burn

Answer

Corticosteroids

Answer

TPN

Answer

Head injury

FMGE 2013

Anatomy

Forensic Medicine

Microbiology

Pharmacology

Surgery