Calcium and Phosphate Handling Practice Questions

Question 1

In hypoparathyroidism:

Accepted Answer

Plasma calcium is low and inorganic phosphorous high

Answer

Plasma calcium is high and inorganic phosphorous low

Answer

Plasma calcium and inorganic phosphorous are low

Answer

Plasma calcium and inorganic phosphorous are high

Question 2

Secondary hyperparathyroidism due to Vit D deficiency shows :

Accepted Answer

Hypocalcemia

Answer

Hypophosphatemia

Answer

Hypercalcemia

Answer

Hyperphosphatemia

Question 3

Aldosterone mainly acts upon

Accepted Answer

Distal renal tubule

Answer

Loop of Henle

Answer

PCT

Answer

Glomerulus

Question 4

Which of the following is the primary mechanism that drives sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule?

Accepted Answer

Active sodium transport via the Na+-K+-ATPase pump at the basolateral membrane.

Answer

Sodium reabsorption through cotransport with amino acids at the luminal membrane.

Answer

Sodium reabsorption through cotransport with glucose at the luminal membrane.

Answer

Sodium reabsorption through countertransport with hydrogen ions at the luminal membrane.

Question 5

What is the initial treatment of choice for managing secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with renal osteodystrophy?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate binders

Answer

Cinacalcet

Answer

Bisphosphonates

Answer

Calcium restriction

Question 6

Which of the following substances is NOT typically found in gallstones?

Accepted Answer

Oxalates

Answer

Cholesterol

Answer

Phosphate

Answer

Carbonate

Question 7

Technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate is structurally similar to

Accepted Answer

Calcium phosphate

Answer

Sodium bicarbonate

Answer

Phosphorus

Answer

Magnesium sulfate

Question 8

All of the following statements regarding stones in the submandibular gland are true except one:

Accepted Answer

Majority of submandibular stones are radiolucent

Answer

Patient presents with acute pain and swelling in the region of the submandibular gland

Answer

80% of stones occur in the submandibular gland

Answer

The hypoglossal nerve is at risk during submandibular gland excision

Question 9

The function of which of the following is increased by an elevated parathyroid hormone concentration:

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Answer

Action of osteoblasts only

Answer

Phosphate reabsorptive pathways in the renal tubules

Answer

Hepatic formation of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol

Question 10

Which of the following is not a treatment option for hypercalcemia?

Accepted Answer

Strontium

Answer

Bisphosphonates

Answer

Steroids

Answer

Phosphate

Calcium and Phosphate Handling — MCQs

Calcium and Phosphate Handling — MCQs

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