Neoplasia Practice Questions

Q: Epidemic Kaposi sarcoma in HIV is caused by which virus?

Herpes group of virus. **Explanation:** **1. Why the correct answer is right:** Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) is a vascular neoplasm caused by **Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8)**, also known as Kaposi Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus (KSHV) [1]. HHV-8 belongs to the **Gamma-herpesvirinae** subfamily. In the context of HIV/AIDS (Epidemic KS), the virus exploits the patient's profound immunosuppression [1]. HHV-8 encodes viral homologues of cellular genes (like Cyclin D1 and IL-6) that drive endothelial cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and inflammation, leading to the characteristic spindle-cell lesions. **2. Why the incorrect options are wrong:** * **Option A (Hepatitis B):** HBV is a DNA virus primarily associated with Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC), not vascular tumors. * **Option B (HIV):** While HIV is the *predisposing factor* for Epidemic KS by causing immunosuppression and producing the **Tat protein** (which promotes spindle cell growth), it is not the direct oncogenic cause. HHV-8 is the essential causative agent [1]. * **Option D (All of the above):** Incorrect, as only the Herpes group (HHV-8) is the direct etiologic agent. **3. High-Yield Clinical Pearls for NEET-PG:** * **Four Clinical Types of KS:** 1. **Classic (European):** Older Mediterranean men; non-HIV related. 2. **Endemic (African):** HIV-negative; can be aggressive in children (lymphadenopathic). 3. **Iatrogenic:** Post-transplant/immunosuppression. 4. **Epidemic:** AIDS-defining illness; most common HIV-associated malignancy [1]. * **Histology:** Characterized by **slit-like vascular spaces** containing RBCs, spindle-shaped stromal cells, and **hyaline droplets**. * **Marker:** **LANA-1** (Latent Nuclear Antigen) is a highly specific IHC marker for HHV-8 in biopsy samples. **References:** [1] Kumar V, Abbas AK, et al.. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 9th ed. Diseases of the Immune System, pp. 261-262.

Question 1

Carney triad consists of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Gastric leiomyosarcoma, paraganglioma, and pulmonary chondroma

Answer

Gastric leiomyosarcoma, pulmonary hamartoma, and adrenal adenoma

Answer

Pancreatic apudoma, renal angiomyolipoma, and uterine leiomyoma

Answer

Hepatocellular carcinoma, hemangioblastoma, and renal cell carcinoma

Question 2

Smoking predisposes to all of the following cancers except?

Accepted Answer

Lymphoma

Answer

Carcinoma of the larynx

Answer

Carcinoma of the bladder

Answer

Carcinoma of the stomach

Question 3

Epidemic Kaposi sarcoma in HIV is caused by which virus?

Accepted Answer

Herpes group of virus

Answer

Hepatitis B

Answer

HIV

Answer

All of the above

Question 4

Which of the following malignancies is predominantly associated with osteoblastic metastases?

Accepted Answer

Prostate carcinoma

Answer

Renal cell carcinoma

Answer

Breast carcinoma

Answer

Thyroid carcinoma

Question 5

Pseudorosettes are seen in which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Retinoblastoma

Answer

Ophthalmic nodosa

Answer

Phacolytic glaucoma

Answer

Trachoma

Question 6

Most common tumor arising from radiation exposure originates from which tissue?

Accepted Answer

Bone marrow

Answer

Lung

Answer

Liver

Answer

Breast

Question 7

Which of the following carcinomas has a familial predisposition?

Accepted Answer

Breast

Answer

Prostate

Answer

Cervix

Answer

Vaginal

Question 8

Arsenic is associated with an increased risk of which of the following neoplasms?

Accepted Answer

Basal cell carcinoma

Answer

Mesothelioma

Answer

Melanoma

Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 9

Chemotherapeutic drugs can cause which of the following types of cell death?

Accepted Answer

Both necrosis and apoptosis

Answer

Only necrosis

Answer

Only apoptosis

Answer

Anoikis

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a gene involved in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer?

Accepted Answer

C-kit mutation

Answer

Suppression of p53 gene

Answer

APC gene

Answer

k-ras mutation

Neoplasia — MCQs

Neoplasia — MCQs

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