Neoplasia Practice Questions

Q: Which of the following is a marker for Melanoma?

S100. **Explanation:** **S100 (Option A)** is the correct answer. It is a highly sensitive, though not highly specific, immunohistochemical (IHC) marker for cells derived from the neural crest, including melanocytes, Schwann cells, and chondrocytes. In the context of a suspected pigmented lesion, S100 is the primary screening marker for **Melanoma**. While more specific markers like **HMB-45** [1] and **Melan-A (MART-1)** are used to confirm the diagnosis, S100 remains the most sensitive tool to rule out melanoma. **Analysis of Incorrect Options:** * **CK 20 (Option B):** Cytokeratin 20 is a marker for epithelial cells. It is classically used to identify **Merkel cell carcinoma** (showing a characteristic "perinuclear dot" pattern) and adenocarcinomas of the GI tract (especially colorectal cancer). * **MTLF (Option C):** This is likely a distractor. While "MITF" (Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor) is a nuclear marker for melanoma, "MTLF" is not a recognized standard IHC marker in this context. * **Vimentin (Option D):** Vimentin is a marker for intermediate filaments in **mesenchymal cells**. While melanoma cells often express Vimentin (reflecting their migratory nature), it is non-specific as it is positive in almost all sarcomas and many other tumors. **High-Yield Clinical Pearls for NEET-PG:** * **Most Sensitive Marker for Melanoma:** S100 (Best for screening). * **Most Specific Markers for Melanoma:** HMB-45 (targets premelanosomes) and Melan-A. * **SOX10:** A newer, highly sensitive and specific nuclear marker for both melanoma and nerve sheath tumors. * **BRAF V600E:** The most common genetic mutation in cutaneous melanoma [1], [2], targeted by drugs like Vemurafenib [1]. **References:** [1] Kumar V, Abbas AK, et al.. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 9th ed. The Skin, pp. 1151-1152. [2] Kumar V, Abbas AK, et al.. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 9th ed. The Skin, pp. 1150-1151.

Question 1

Which of the following is a marker for Melanoma?

Accepted Answer

S100

Answer

Ck 20

Answer

MTLF

Answer

Vimentin

Question 2

Which of the following statements regarding oncogenesis is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

p53 is a tumor suppressor gene, and mutations in it are common in malignancy, but it is not an oncogene.

Answer

Topoisomerase II can cause breaks in DNA strands.

Answer

At the G2-M phase checkpoint, there is a loss of inhibitors that control cell-cycle progression.

Answer

A decrease in telomerase activity can contribute to anti-tumor effects.

Question 3

Which jaw cyst is considered pre-malignant?

Accepted Answer

Odontogenic keratocyst

Answer

Nasopalatine cyst

Answer

Radicular cyst

Answer

Dentigerous cyst

Question 4

Spontaneous regression of malignant tumor is a feature of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Neuroblastoma

Answer

Renal cell carcinoma

Answer

Burkitt's lymphoma

Answer

Wilm's tumour

Question 5

Which pair of oncogenes is activated by translocation?

Accepted Answer

ABL and C-MYC

Answer

SIS and HST

Answer

HGF and L-MYC

Answer

TGF-β and CDK4

Question 6

A 50-year-old woman presents with easy fatigability and a dragging sensation in her abdomen for the past 5 months. Physical examination reveals marked splenomegaly without lymphadenopathy. Laboratory studies show a total WBC count of 250,000/mm3 with a differential count showing 64% segmented neutrophils, 11% band neutrophils, 7% metamyelocytes, 5% myelocytes, 4% myeloblasts, 3% lymphocytes, 2% basophils, 2% eosinophils, and 2% monocytes. A bone marrow biopsy reveals a t(9;22) translocation. Which of the following modes of action of a medication is most likely to result in a complete remission in this patient?

Accepted Answer

Inhibiting tyrosine kinase activity

Answer

Activating cellular caspases

Answer

Antibody binding to EGF receptors

Answer

Delivering normal p53 into cells via viral vectors

Question 7

All of the following malignancies metastasize except?

Accepted Answer

Basal cell carcinoma

Answer

Adenocarcinoma

Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma

Answer

Melanoma

Question 8

Risk of breast carcinoma is most likely associated with which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Atypical epithelial hyperplasia

Answer

Sclerosing adenosis

Answer

Fibrocystic change

Answer

Apocrine metaplasia

Question 9

Which of the following tumors is typically not seen in the first decade of life?

Accepted Answer

Ameloblastoma

Answer

Retinoblastoma

Answer

Rhabdomyosarcoma

Answer

Neuroblastoma

Question 10

Which of the following is not a germ cell tumor?

Accepted Answer

Primitive Neuroendocrine tumor

Answer

Embryonal cell cancer

Answer

Dysgerminoma

Answer

Teratoma

Neoplasia — MCQs

Neoplasia — MCQs

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