Neoplasia Practice Questions

Q: Tumour antigen S-100 is present in which of the following?

Neural tumours. **Explanation:** **S-100** is a calcium-binding protein primarily found in cells derived from the **neural crest**. It is a highly sensitive, though not highly specific, immunohistochemical (IHC) marker used to identify tumors of neuroectodermal origin. **Why Neural Tumours are Correct:** S-100 is the hallmark marker for cells of the peripheral nervous system (Schwann cells) and melanocytes. It is consistently positive in: * **Neural Tumours:** Schwannoma, Neurofibroma, and Granular cell tumors [1]. * **Melanocytic Tumours:** Malignant Melanoma (S-100 is the most sensitive marker here). * **Cartilaginous Tumours:** Chondrosarcoma. * **Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH).** **Why Other Options are Incorrect:** * **Choriocarcinoma:** This is a germ cell tumor (trophoblastic) [2]. Its characteristic marker is **beta-hCG**. * **Breast Cancer:** Common markers include **ER/PR, HER2/neu**, and **E-cadherin**. While some rare subtypes (like metaplastic carcinoma) might show focal S-100, it is not a diagnostic marker for breast cancer. * **Testicular Tumours:** These are primarily germ cell tumors. Markers include **AFP** (Yolk sac tumor), **hCG** (Choriocarcinoma), and **PLAP** (Seminoma). **High-Yield Clinical Pearls for NEET-PG:** * **Most sensitive marker for Melanoma:** S-100 (but HMB-45 and Melan-A are more specific). * **S-100 in Salivary Glands:** It marks **myoepithelial cells** (useful in diagnosing Pleomorphic Adenoma). * **Differentiating Neurofibroma vs. Dermatofibroma:** Neurofibroma is S-100 positive; Dermatofibroma is Factor XIIIa positive. * **Langerhans Cells:** S-100 and **CD1a** (along with Birbeck granules on EM) are diagnostic. **References:** [1] Kumar V, Abbas AK, et al.. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 9th ed. Peripheral Nerves and Skeletal Muscles, pp. 1249-1251. [2] Kumar V, Abbas AK, et al.. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 9th ed. The Central Nervous System, pp. 1317-1318.

Question 1

All of the following are considered hallmarks of cancer except?

Accepted Answer

None of the above

Answer

Limitless replicative potential

Answer

Insensitivity to growth-inhibitory signals

Answer

Self-sufficiency in growth signals

Question 2

What is the term for excessive fibrosis in a tumor?

Accepted Answer

Desmoplasia

Answer

Anaplasia

Answer

Metaplasia

Answer

Dysplasia

Question 3

Which of the following markers is NOT characteristically positive in Wilms tumor?

Accepted Answer

TTF-1

Answer

Desmin

Answer

Vimentin

Answer

Cytokeratin

Question 4

Which of the following is the best marker to distinguish Thymoma from lymphoma?

Accepted Answer

Cytokeratin

Answer

CD19

Answer

CD79a

Answer

Laminin

Question 5

Knudson's two-hit hypothesis is characteristically associated with which condition?

Accepted Answer

Retinoblastoma

Answer

Neuroblastoma

Answer

Melanoma

Answer

Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC)

Question 6

What is Ackerman's tumor also known as?

Accepted Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma

Answer

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma

Answer

Epidermoid carcinoma

Answer

Adenocarcinoma

Question 7

Ebstein Barr virus has been implicated in the following malignancies except?

Accepted Answer

Multiple myeloma

Answer

Hodgkin's disease

Answer

B-cell lymphoma

Answer

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Question 8

Conventional cytogenetics are difficult in solid tumors, especially in case of carcinoma cervix. What is the reason?

Accepted Answer

Good metaphase activity

Answer

High mitotic rate

Answer

Bacterial contamination of the specimen

Answer

Inadequate biopsy specimen

Question 9

Tumour antigen S-100 is present in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Neural tumours

Answer

Choriocarcinoma

Answer

Breast cancer

Answer

Testicular tumours

Question 10

HCG is a tumor marker for which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Choriocarcinoma

Answer

Colon carcinoma

Answer

Serous cystadenoma

Answer

Teratoma

Neoplasia — MCQs

Neoplasia — MCQs

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