Neoplasia Practice Questions

Q: NNK, NNN, and polonium 210 are carcinogens specific for which type of cancer?

Tobacco-related oral cancer. ### Explanation The correct answer is **A. Tobacco-related oral cancer.** **Understanding the Concept:** Tobacco contains over 60 known carcinogens. Among these, **Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines (TSNAs)** are the most potent. * **NNK** [4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone] and **NNN** (N-nitrosonornicotine) are formed by the nitrosation of nicotine during the curing and processing of tobacco [2]. * **Polonium-210** is a radioactive alpha-emitter absorbed by tobacco leaves from phosphate fertilizers. While these are found in cigarette smoke, they are uniquely concentrated in **smokeless tobacco (chewing tobacco/snuff)**. NNN and NNK undergo metabolic activation to form DNA adducts, leading to mutations in the oral mucosa, making them the primary drivers for **oral cavity cancers**. **Analysis of Incorrect Options:** * **B. Bronchogenic Carcinoma:** While NNK is a systemic carcinogen that can cause lung cancer, the primary drivers for lung cancer in smokers are **Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)** like Benzo[a]pyrene [1]. * **C. Prostatic Carcinoma:** This is primarily linked to age, genetics (BRCA2), and hormonal factors (androgens), rather than specific tobacco nitrosamines. * **D. Hepatocellular Carcinoma:** The major risk factors are Chronic Hepatitis B/C, Alcohol, and **Aflatoxin B1** (produced by *Aspergillus*) [3]. **High-Yield Clinical Pearls for NEET-PG:** * **Most potent TSNA:** NNK is considered the most carcinogenic. * **Benzo[a]pyrene:** The classic "high-yield" carcinogen associated with cigarette smoke and lung cancer (induces *TP53* mutations). * **Vinyl Chloride:** Associated with Angiosarcoma of the liver. * **Beta-naphthylamine:** Associated with Transitional Cell Carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder in dye industry workers [1].

Question 1

Which of the following is an antibody against tumor cells?

Accepted Answer

MHC-I

Answer

MHC-II

Answer

Anti-viral

Answer

Differentiated antigen

Question 2

The tumor suppressor gene P53 induces cell arrest at which phase?

Accepted Answer

G1-S phase

Answer

G2-M phase

Answer

S-G2 phase

Answer

G0 phase

Question 3

NNK, NNN, and polonium 210 are carcinogens specific for which type of cancer?

Accepted Answer

Tobacco-related oral cancer

Answer

Tobacco-related bronchogenic carcinoma

Answer

Prostatic carcinoma

Answer

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 4

Kaposi sarcoma is commonly seen in which condition?

Accepted Answer

AIDS

Answer

Leukemia

Answer

Lymphoma

Answer

Cytomegalovirus infections

Question 5

All of the following are precancerous conditions except?

Accepted Answer

SLE

Answer

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

Answer

Plummer-Vinson syndrome

Answer

Xeroderma pigmentosum

Question 6

All of the following changes are seen in dysplasia of the squamo-columnar junction, except?

Accepted Answer

Breaking of the basement membrane

Answer

Change of epithelium

Answer

Hyperchromatic nuclei

Answer

Increased mitotic figures

Question 7

Arrange the following steps in oncogenesis in the correct sequence:

Accepted Answer

Activation of proto-oncogene, Warburg effect, increased activity of telomerase, angiogenesis, Evasion of host defense

Answer

increased activity of telomerase, angiogenesis, Evasion of host defense, Activation of proto-oncogene, Warburg effect

Answer

increased activity of telomerase, angiogenesis, Evasion of host defense, Activation of proto-oncogene, Warburg effect

Answer

Activation of proto-oncogene, Warburg effect, Evasion of host defense, angiogenesis, increased activity of telomerase

Question 8

Which of the following statements regarding the PTEN gene is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a proto-oncogene.

Answer

It is a membrane-associated phosphatase.

Answer

It is encoded by a gene located on chromosome 10q23.

Answer

It is frequently mutated in endometrial, breast, and thyroid carcinomas.

Question 9

A 55-year-old man presents with a solitary breast mass, and biopsy reveals malignant cells. Immunohistochemical staining shows that the tumor cells are positive for estrogen receptor (ER) and negative for Her2/neu. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Invasive ductal carcinoma

Answer

Basal cell carcinoma

Answer

Medullary carcinoma

Answer

Tubular adenoma

Question 10

Which of the following is not considered a pre-malignant condition at some site?

Accepted Answer

Bronchiectasis

Answer

Cholelithiasis

Answer

Ulcerative colitis

Answer

Leukoplakia

Neoplasia — MCQs

Neoplasia — MCQs

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