Immunopathology Practice Questions

Q: Which of the following immune hypersensitivity reactions is responsible for Myasthenia Gravis?

Type II Hypersensitivity. ***Type II Hypersensitivity*** - Myasthenia gravis is primarily mediated by **autoantibodies against acetylcholine receptors** [1], characteristic of **Type II hypersensitivity** reactions [3]. - This leads to a reduction in **neuromuscular transmission**, causing muscle weakness and fatigue [1][2]. *Type III Hypersensitivity* - Involves the formation of **immune complexes** that can deposit in tissues, leading to conditions like **lupus** or **glomerulonephritis**. - Myasthenia gravis does not exhibit significant **immune complex** pathology. *Type IV Hypersensitivity* - This is a **delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction**, typically involved in conditions like **tuberculosis** and **contact dermatitis**. - Myasthenia gravis is not primarily mediated by **T-cell** activation which typifies Type IV hypersensitivity. *Type I Hypersensitivity* - Also known as **immediate hypersensitivity** [3], it typically involves **IgE** and reactions like **asthma** and **anaphylaxis**. - Myasthenia gravis does not result from **IgE-mediated** immune responses. **References:** [1] Kumar V, Abbas AK, et al.. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 9th ed. Diseases of the Immune System, pp. 213-214. [2] Kumar V, Abbas AK, et al.. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 9th ed. Peripheral Nerves and Skeletal Muscles, pp. 1237-1238. [3] Kumar V, Abbas AK, et al.. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 9th ed. Diseases of the Immune System, pp. 208-210.

Q: Which interleukin is specifically secreted by Th17 cells?

IL-17. ***IL22*** - Th17 cells predominantly secrete **IL-17** and also produce **IL-22**, which is significant in mucosal immunity and inflammation [1]. - **IL-22** plays a crucial role in the response to infections and in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. *IL16* - IL-16 is primarily associated with **chemoattractant and regulatory functions** for lymphocytes and not directly secreted by Th17 cells. - It is involved in **eosinophil and T cell activation**, which is not characteristic of the Th17 response. *IFN Gamma* - IFN-gamma is mainly produced by **Th1 cells** and is critical for **cell-mediated immunity**, which is distinct from the function of Th17 cells. - It plays a role in activating **macrophages**, unlike Th17 cells which focus on **neutrophil recruitment** and inflammation. *IL6* - While IL-6 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that can be involved in various immune responses, it is not primarily secreted by Th17 cells. - It is produced by a variety of cell types including fibroblasts and macrophages, acting as a mediator in the **acute phase response**. **References:** [1] Cross SS. Underwood's Pathology: A Clinical Approach. 6th ed. (Basic Pathology) introduces the student to key general principles of pathology, both as a medical science and as a clinical activity with a vital role in patient care. Part 2 (Disease Mechanisms) provides fundamental knowledge about the cellular and molecular processes involved in diseases, providing the rationale for their treatment. Part 3 (Systematic Pathology) deals in detail with specific diseases, with emphasis on the clinically important aspects., pp. 158-160.

Question 1

Which of the following best denotes classical complement pathway activation in immune inflammatory conditions?

Accepted Answer

C2, C4 and C3 decreased

Answer

C2 and C4 normal, C3 is decreased

Answer

C3 normal and C2, C4 decreased

Answer

C2, C4, C3 all are elevated

Question 2

Which of the following immune hypersensitivity reactions is responsible for Myasthenia Gravis?

Accepted Answer

Type II Hypersensitivity

Answer

Type I Hypersensitivity

Answer

Type III Hypersensitivity

Answer

Type IV Hypersensitivity

Question 3

Which interleukin is specifically secreted by Th17 cells?

Accepted Answer

IL-17

Answer

IFN Gamma

Answer

IL6

Answer

IL-22

Question 4

Cell surface molecules involved in peripheral tolerance induction are

Accepted Answer

B7 and CD28

Answer

CD40 and CD40L

Answer

CD34 and CD51

Answer

B7 and CD3

Immunopathology — MCQs

Immunopathology — MCQs

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