Sexual Offences and Abortion — MCQs

Sexual Offences and Abortion Indian Medical PG Practice Questions and MCQs

Question 101: Disrobing a woman is legally defined under which section?

A. Section 354 D
B. Section 354 A
C. Section 354 B (Correct Answer)
D. Section 354 C

Explanation: **Explanation:** The correct answer is **Section 354 B**. This section was introduced via the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013 (Nirbhaya Act) to specifically address acts of assault or use of criminal force to a woman with the intent to disrobe or compel her to be naked in a public or private place. **Analysis of Options:** * **Section 354 B (Correct):** Specifically deals with **Assault or use of criminal force to woman with intent to disrobe.** It carries a punishment of 3 to 7 years of imprisonment. * **Section 354 A:** Pertains to **Sexual Harassment**, which includes physical contact involving unwelcome sexual advances, demanding sexual favors, or showing pornography against a woman's will. * **Section 354 C:** Defines **Voyeurism**, which is the act of watching or capturing images of a woman engaging in a private act where she would usually expect not to be observed. * **Section 354 D:** Defines **Stalking**, which involves following a woman or contacting her repeatedly despite a clear indication of disinterest, or monitoring her internet/electronic communication. **High-Yield Clinical Pearls for NEET-PG:** * **Section 375:** Defines Rape (expanded definitions post-2013). * **Section 376:** Punishment for Rape. * **Section 376D:** Gang Rape. * **Section 377:** Unnatural offences (Decriminalized by Supreme Court in 2018 regarding consensual same-sex acts, but still applies to non-consensual acts and bestiality). * **Zero FIR:** A victim can file an FIR at any police station regardless of the jurisdiction of the crime scene; it is later transferred to the appropriate station.

Question 102: Onanism is defined as:

A. A natural sexual offense
B. An unnatural sexual offense
C. A sexual perversion (Correct Answer)
D. An indecent assault

Explanation: ### Explanation **Onanism** is a term derived from the biblical figure Onan, traditionally used to describe **masturbation** (self-gratification) or *coitus interruptus*. In forensic psychiatry and medicine, it is classified as a **sexual perversion** (paraphilia). #### Why the Correct Answer is Right: * **Option C (Sexual Perversion):** A sexual perversion is defined as any sexual act that deviates from the "normal" or conventional method of coitus (penile-vaginal intercourse). Since onanism involves achieving sexual climax through self-stimulation or non-procreative methods rather than natural intercourse, it is categorized under perversions. #### Why Other Options are Wrong: * **Option A (Natural Sexual Offense):** These are offenses involving natural intercourse without consent or against the law. Examples include **Rape** (Section 375 IPC) and **Incest**. * **Option B (Unnatural Sexual Offense):** These involve carnal intercourse "against the order of nature." Historically, this referred to Section 377 IPC, covering **Sodomy (anal sex), Bestiality, and Buccal Coitus (oral sex)**. Onanism does not involve a second party or animal in an "unnatural" act, thus it is not an offense. * **Option D (Indecent Assault):** This refers to the use of criminal force on a woman with the intent to outrage her modesty (Section 354 IPC). Onanism is typically a private act and does not involve assault on another person. --- ### High-Yield Clinical Pearls for NEET-PG: * **Masturbation (Onanism):** It is neither a legal offense nor a disease; it is considered a normal phase of psychosexual development unless it becomes a compulsive obsession. * **Classification of Sexual Offences:** * **Natural:** Rape, Incest, Adultery. * **Unnatural:** Sodomy, Bestiality, Buccal Coitus. * **Perversions:** Onanism, Sadism, Masochism, Fetishism, Voyeurism, Exhibitionism, Frotteurism, and Paedophilia. * **Important IPC Sections:** Section 375 (Rape), Section 377 (Unnatural Offences - *Note: Consensual acts between adults were decriminalized by the Navtej Singh Johar case*).

Question 103: Regarding medical termination of pregnancy, all of the following are true except?

A. Professional secrecy has to be maintained.
B. A woman has the right to abort her fetus without the consent of her husband.
C. In an emergency, termination of pregnancy can be done by a single doctor.
D. Termination of pregnancy up to 20 weeks can be done by a medical practitioner without consulting a specialist. (Correct Answer)

Explanation: ### Explanation The Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act, 1971 (amended in 2021), governs the legal framework for abortion in India. **Why Option D is the Correct Answer (The False Statement):** According to the **MTP Amendment Act 2021**, the opinion of **one Registered Medical Practitioner (RMP)** is required for termination up to **20 weeks**. However, for pregnancies between **20 to 24 weeks** (for specific categories of women), the opinion of **two RMPs** is mandatory. The statement in Option D is technically incorrect because it implies an RMP can act entirely independently without following the statutory requirement of a formal opinion/consultation as per the gestational age slabs. **Analysis of Other Options:** * **Option A:** **True.** Confidentiality is a legal mandate. The name and particulars of the woman must not be revealed to anyone except a person authorized by law. Violation is punishable by imprisonment. * **Option B:** **True.** The Supreme Court and the MTP Act emphasize that a woman’s reproductive choice is a fundamental right. **Consent of the husband is NOT required**; only the consent of the pregnant woman is necessary (if she is an adult and of sound mind). * **Option C:** **True.** In life-threatening emergencies, an RMP can perform an MTP regardless of the gestational age or the need for a second opinion, provided it is done in good faith to save the woman's life. **High-Yield Clinical Pearls for NEET-PG:** * **Upper Limit:** Increased from 20 to **24 weeks** for special categories (survivors of sexual assault, minors, change in marital status, fetal malformations). * **Medical Board:** No upper limit applies if the termination is necessary due to substantial **fetal abnormalities** diagnosed by a state-level Medical Board. * **Consent:** If the female is <18 years or mentally ill, written consent of the **guardian** is required. * **Form I:** Used to certify the opinion of the RMP. * **Form III:** Used to maintain the admission register (confidential document).

Question 104: Unexplained male hypersexuality is known as?

A. Satyriasis (Correct Answer)
B. Undinism
C. Frotteurism
D. Eonism

Explanation: **Explanation:** **1. Why Satyriasis is Correct:** Satyriasis refers to a condition of excessive, uncontrollable, or "unexplained" sexual desire in males. It is the male equivalent of **Nymphomania** (excessive sexual desire in females). In forensic psychiatry, it is classified under hypersexuality disorders where the individual has an abnormally high libido that often interferes with social or occupational functioning. **2. Analysis of Incorrect Options:** * **Undinism (Option B):** Also known as Urophilia, this is a paraphilia where sexual pleasure is derived from the sight, thought, or experience of urination (either on oneself or others). * **Frotteurism (Option C):** A common forensic topic, this involves achieving sexual arousal by touching or rubbing one's genitals against a non-consenting person, typically in crowded places like buses or trains. * **Eonism (Option D):** An older term for **Transvestism** or cross-dressing. It refers to the desire of a male to adopt the female role, dress, and behavior. It is named after the Chevalier d'Eon. **3. High-Yield Clinical Pearls for NEET-PG:** * **Don Juanism:** A related term often used interchangeably with Satyriasis, referring to a male's need to have many different sexual partners to mask feelings of inadequacy. * **Bestiality:** Sexual intercourse with animals (also called Zooerasty). * **Necrophilia:** Sexual attraction to or intercourse with a corpse (Section 377 IPC context). * **Voyeurism:** Deriving pleasure from watching others undress or engage in sexual acts without their knowledge (Section 354C IPC). * **Sadism vs. Masochism:** Sadism is inflicting pain for pleasure; Masochism is receiving pain for pleasure. Together, they are termed **Algolagnia**.

Question 105: The post-coital interval is not usually determined from which of the following?

A. Spermatozoa
B. Phosphoglucomutase (PGM)
C. Peptidase (Pep A)
D. MHS-5 (Correct Answer)

Explanation: **Explanation:** The determination of the **post-coital interval (PCI)**—the time elapsed between sexual intercourse and the collection of evidence—is crucial in forensic investigations of sexual assault. This is typically estimated based on the **degradation rates** of specific components found in seminal fluid. **Why MHS-5 is the correct answer:** **MHS-5** (Monoclonal Hypo-Sperm 5) is a monoclonal antibody used to detect **Seminal Vesicle-Specific Antigen (SVSA)**. Its primary forensic utility is as a highly specific **qualitative marker** to confirm the presence of semen, even in vasectomized or azoospermic males. Unlike enzymes or spermatozoa, MHS-5 does not have a well-established, predictable rate of decay used to calculate the post-coital interval; it is used for **identification**, not dating. **Analysis of incorrect options:** * **Spermatozoa (A):** The most traditional method for PCI. Motile sperm usually disappear from the vagina within 6–12 hours, while non-motile heads can persist for 3–7 days. * **Phosphoglucomutase (PGM) (B) and Peptidase A (Pep A) (C):** These are **seminal enzymes** (isoenzymes). Because they degrade at known, predictable rates within the female reproductive tract, their presence or activity levels are used to estimate the time since intercourse (usually within 24–48 hours). **High-Yield Clinical Pearls for NEET-PG:** * **Acid Phosphatase (AP):** Useful for PCI estimation up to 24–48 hours. * **Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA/p30):** A reliable marker for semen identification; it disappears from the vagina in approximately 24–48 hours. * **Florence Test:** Tests for choline (brown rhombic crystals). * **Barberio Test:** Tests for spermine (yellow needle-shaped crystals). * **Zinc:** High concentrations are found in semen and can be used for identification.

Question 106: The husband involved in battered wife syndrome is usually:

A. Dependent and suspicious (Correct Answer)
B. Mature and assertive husband
C. Immature and assertive
D. Mature and non-controlling

Explanation: **Explanation:** **Battered Wife Syndrome (BWS)** refers to a pattern of signs and symptoms occurring in a woman who has suffered persistent emotional and physical abuse at the hands of her partner. Understanding the psychopathology of the perpetrator is crucial for forensic evaluation. **Why the correct answer is right:** The typical perpetrator in BWS exhibits a specific personality profile characterized by **dependency and suspicion**. These individuals often suffer from low self-esteem and are emotionally dependent on their wives for validation. This dependency manifests as extreme possessiveness and pathological jealousy (suspicion). They use violence as a tool to exert control and prevent the partner from leaving, often isolating the victim from social support. **Analysis of incorrect options:** * **B. Mature and assertive:** A mature individual possesses healthy coping mechanisms and conflict-resolution skills. Assertiveness is a positive trait involving clear communication, whereas abusers are aggressive and volatile. * **C. Immature and assertive:** While abusers are often emotionally immature, they are not "assertive" in the clinical sense; they are domineering and abusive. * **D. Mature and non-controlling:** This is the opposite of the abuser profile. Lack of control and maturity are protective factors against domestic violence. **NEET-PG High-Yield Pearls:** * **Cycle of Violence (Walker’s Theory):** Consists of three phases: 1. Tension-building phase, 2. Acute battering incident, 3. Honeymoon phase (remorse and apologies). * **Learned Helplessness:** A psychological state where the victim believes they have no control over the situation, leading to depression and inability to leave the relationship. * **Medical Findings:** Look for "defense wounds" on the forearms and injuries in various stages of healing (multichromatic bruises) on areas usually covered by clothing. * **Legal Aspect:** In India, domestic violence is addressed under the **Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005**.

Question 107: Which of the following is the surest sign of virginity?

A. Intact hymen
B. Convex uterine wall
C. Non-pendulous breasts
D. None of the above (Correct Answer)

Explanation: In forensic medicine, the concept of a "sure sign" of virginity is a legal and medical myth. There is no single physical finding that can definitively prove a woman has never had sexual intercourse. **1. Why "None of the above" is correct:** Virginity is a clinical state that cannot be confirmed with 100% certainty by physical examination alone. The medical consensus, supported by the WHO and forensic guidelines, is that anatomical variations and the elasticity of tissues make it impossible to distinguish between a virgin and a non-virgin through a routine physical exam. **2. Why the other options are incorrect:** * **Intact Hymen:** This is the most common misconception. An intact hymen does not prove virginity because some hymens are **fimbriated** or **septate**, and others are highly **elastic (complaisant)**, allowing for penetration without tearing. Conversely, a ruptured hymen does not prove sexual activity, as it can be torn due to trauma, sports, or medical procedures. * **Convex Uterine Wall:** This is a characteristic of a nulliparous uterus (a woman who has never given birth), not a virgin. A woman can be sexually active but never pregnant, maintaining a convex uterine fundus. * **Non-pendulous Breasts:** Breast shape and firmness are determined by genetics, age, BMI, and Cooper’s ligaments. While pregnancy and lactation can cause breasts to become pendulous, sexual intercourse itself has no effect on breast morphology. **Clinical Pearls for NEET-PG:** * **True Sign of Virginity:** There is none. * **Definitive Sign of Defloration:** There is no "sure" sign, but the presence of **Carunculae Myrtiformes** (rounded tags of tissue representing a healed, ruptured hymen) is a sign of previous vaginal delivery, not just intercourse. * **Medical-Legal Note:** The "Two-finger test" is legally banned and considered a violation of human rights; it has no scientific basis in determining virginity or sexual assault.

Question 108: A police officer brings the aborted product of conception of size 2 cm and weight 10 gm. For all forensic purposes, what will be the estimated gestational age of the fetus?

A. 1.5 months (Correct Answer)
B. 2.5 months
C. 3.5 months
D. 4 months

Explanation: ### Explanation The estimation of gestational age in a fetus is primarily determined using **Haase’s Rule**, which correlates the length of the fetus with its age in months. **1. Why Option A is Correct:** According to Haase’s Rule, for the first five months of pregnancy, the age in months is calculated as the **square root of the length (in cm)**. * Given length = 2 cm. * $\sqrt{2} \approx 1.41$ months. * Rounding to the nearest clinical milestone, this corresponds to **1.5 months**. Additionally, weight-based estimation supports this: at 1 month, the fetus is negligible in weight; by 2 months, it is approximately 4 cm and 10–20 gm. A 2 cm, 10 gm specimen fits the transition between the 1st and 2nd month. **2. Why Other Options are Incorrect:** * **Option B (2.5 months):** At this stage, the length would be approximately 6.25 cm ($2.5^2$). * **Option C (3.5 months):** The length would be approximately 12.25 cm ($3.5^2$). * **Option D (4 months):** The length would be 16 cm ($4^2$). **3. High-Yield Clinical Pearls for NEET-PG:** * **Haase’s Rule (First 5 months):** $Length (cm) = (Month)^2$. * **Haase’s Rule (6 to 10 months):** $Length (cm) = Month \times 5$. * **Weight Milestone:** A fetus typically weighs ~100g at 4 months and ~300g at 5 months. * **Viability:** In India, legal viability is generally considered at 28 weeks (7 months), though medically it is shifting toward 24 weeks. * **Quick Tip:** If the question provides length in centimeters, always check if it is less than or greater than 25 cm to decide which part of Haase's rule to apply.

Question 109: Onanism is otherwise known as:

A. Masturbation (Correct Answer)
B. Sodomy
C. Buccal coitus
D. Fetishism

Explanation: **Explanation:** **Onanism** is a term historically and legally used to describe **masturbation**. The term is derived from the biblical figure Onan and refers to the manual or mechanical stimulation of one's own genital organs for sexual gratification. In forensic medicine, it is classified under "Auto-eroticism." **Analysis of Options:** * **A. Masturbation (Correct):** This is the direct synonym for Onanism. It involves self-gratification and is considered a normal physiological variation unless it becomes a compulsive behavior or is associated with "Auto-erotic deaths" (accidental death during solitary sexual activity). * **B. Sodomy:** This refers to **anal intercourse**, typically between two males or a male and a female. It is legally classified as an unnatural sexual offense (historically under Section 377 of the IPC). * **C. Buccal Coitus:** Also known as **fellatio** or oral sex, this involves the stimulation of the penis by the mouth of another person. * **D. Fetishism:** This is a **sexual paraphilia** where sexual arousal and gratification are dependent on non-living objects (e.g., shoes, undergarments) or specific non-genital body parts. **High-Yield Clinical Pearls for NEET-PG:** * **Tribadism:** Female masturbation involving the rubbing of genitalia against each other (also called "lesbianism"). * **Bestiality:** Sexual intercourse by a human with an animal. * **Frotteurism:** Achieving sexual pleasure by rubbing against a non-consenting person in a crowded place. * **Important Section:** While the Supreme Court of India decriminalized consensual same-sex relations (Navtej Singh Johar case), **Section 377 IPC** still applies to non-consensual acts and bestiality.

Question 110: Repeat offence of stalking is:

A. Cognizable & bailable
B. Non-cognizable & bailable
C. Cognizable & non-bailable (Correct Answer)
D. Non-cognizable & non-bailable

Explanation: ### Explanation **Stalking** is defined under **Section 354D of the Indian Penal Code (IPC)**. It involves a man following a woman, contacting her despite her clear indication of disinterest, or monitoring her internet/electronic communication. #### Why the Correct Answer is Right: The legal classification of stalking depends on whether it is a first-time or a repeat offense: * **First Conviction:** It is considered **Cognizable** (police can arrest without a warrant) but **Bailable** (the accused has a right to be released on bail from the police station). * **Second or Subsequent Conviction (Repeat Offence):** The law becomes more stringent to deter habitual offenders. It remains **Cognizable**, but becomes **Non-bailable** (bail is not a right and must be granted by a Magistrate). #### Why Other Options are Wrong: * **Option A:** This describes a **first-time** stalking offense, not a repeat offense. * **Option B & D:** Stalking is never "Non-cognizable." Because it is a crime against the modesty and safety of women, the police have the authority to arrest the perpetrator without a warrant from the first instance. #### High-Yield Facts for NEET-PG: * **Section 354 IPC Series (Post-Nirbhaya Act 2013):** * **354A:** Sexual Harassment. * **354B:** Assault with intent to disrobe. * **354C:** Voyeurism (First offense: Bailable; Repeat: Non-bailable). * **354D:** Stalking (First offense: Bailable; Repeat: Non-bailable). * **Punishment for Repeat Stalking:** Imprisonment up to 5 years and a fine. * **Cognizable Offence:** An offense where the police officer may arrest without a warrant (usually serious crimes). * **Non-bailable Offence:** An offense where bail is a judicial discretion, not a matter of right.

Practice by Chapter

Sexual Assault Examination

Practice Questions

Rape Investigation

Practice Questions

Child Sexual Abuse

Practice Questions

Collection of Biological Evidence

Practice Questions

DNA Testing in Sexual Offences

Practice Questions

False Allegations

Practice Questions

Medical Termination of Pregnancy

Practice Questions

Criminal Abortion

Practice Questions

Complications of Abortion

Practice Questions

Sexual Perversions

Practice Questions

Legal Aspects of Sexual Offences

Practice Questions

Victim Support and Rehabilitation

Practice Questions

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