Embryology of the Ear, Nose, and Throat Practice Questions

Question 1

Which of the following statements is true about branchial cysts?

Accepted Answer

They mostly arise from the second branchial cleft.

Answer

Branchial cysts are more common in males than females.

Answer

Surgical intervention is not always necessary.

Answer

They can cause dysphagia and hoarseness if infected.

Question 2

The labia majora develop from which embryological structure?

Accepted Answer

Labioscrotal swellings

Answer

Urogenital folds

Answer

Müllerian ducts

Answer

Genital tubercle

Question 3

Eustachian tube develops from:

Accepted Answer

1st pharyngeal pouch

Answer

2nd and 3rd pharyngeal pouch

Answer

3rd pharyngeal pouch

Answer

2nd pharyngeal pouch

Question 4

What is the diagnosis shown in the following image?

Accepted Answer

Perichondritis

Answer

Hyperinsulinism

Answer

Conductive hearing defect

Answer

Mucopolysaccharidosis

Question 5

A 52-year-old woman presents with bilateral hearing loss noticed over the past 3 years. She denies tinnitus or vertigo. Otoscopic examination is normal bilaterally with intact, healthy tympanic membranes. Tympanometry shows bilateral type As (shallow) curves. The audiogram is shown in Image 1. She is medically fit for surgery but strongly wishes to avoid an operation at this time. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

Accepted Answer

D. Prescription of bilateral hearing aids as the preferred nonoperative intervention

Answer

A. Staged stapedectomy beginning with the worse-hearing ear

Answer

B. Bilateral myringotomy with grommet insertion

Answer

C. Sodium fluoride therapy and annual audiological monitoring

Question 6

A 32-year-old woman presents with progressive bilateral hearing loss over 3 years, worse during pregnancy. She reports a family history of hearing impairment. Otoscopy reveals normal tympanic membranes bilaterally. Tympanometry shows As (shallow) curves. Her audiogram is shown (Image 1). Which of the following best explains the bone conduction dip seen on this audiogram?

Accepted Answer

A. Mechanical stiffness of the ossicular chain altering the inertial component of bone conduction

Answer

B. Sensorineural degeneration of outer hair cells in the basal turn of the cochlea

Answer

C. Endolymphatic hydrops causing distortion of the basilar membrane at that frequency

Answer

D. Disruption of the ossiculotympanic component of bone conduction due to tympanic membrane perforation

Question 7

Identify the instrument used in ENT surgery.

Accepted Answer

Eve's Tonsillar snare

Answer

Luc Nasal forceps

Answer

Denis Browne Tonsil Holding forceps

Answer

St Clair Thompson curette

Question 8

A patient with Pancoast's tumour develops loss of voice after radiation. What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Involvement of the recurrent laryngeal nerve

Answer

Vocal cord infiltration with secondary effects

Answer

Direct irradiation to vocal cords

Answer

Radiation stenosis of the larynx

Question 9

Tracheostomy is indicated in all of the following conditions except:

Accepted Answer

Uncomplicated bronchial asthma

Answer

Tracheal stenosis

Answer

Bilateral vocal cord palsy

Answer

Foreign body in the larynx

Question 10

The laryngeal saccules (water sacs) are present in which space?

Accepted Answer

Laryngeal ventricles

Answer

Paraglottic space

Answer

Piriform fossa

Answer

Reinke's space

Embryology of the Ear, Nose, and Throat — MCQs

Embryology of the Ear, Nose, and Throat — MCQs

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