Rural Health Mission — MCQs
Which of the following is NOT a duty of an ASHA worker?
In which year was the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) launched?
All are true about Swajaldhara programme except:
According to the National Health Policy, primary urban health centers should be designated for a population of:
Which of the following procedures is not typically covered by the National Programme for Control of Blindness (NPCB) for reimbursement of surgery done by a non-governmental organization (NGO) eye hospital?
Which committee is responsible for making a plan for village health under NHM
Health guide works at the level of
Which principle primarily led to the shift in emphasis from urban to rural health services?
Village health guide scheme was started in?
The components included in Pareek's method of socio-economic classification for rural areas include the following EXCEPT:
Rural Health Mission Indian Medical PG Practice Questions and MCQs
Question 1: Which of the following is NOT a duty of an ASHA worker?
- A. Administering zero dose of DPT and OPV (Correct Answer)
- B. Assessing the success of national programs under ANM
- C. Primary screening for prevalence of non-communicable diseases
- D. All of the options
Explanation: ***Correct: Administering zero dose of DPT and OPV*** - **ASHA workers do NOT administer vaccines** - this is strictly beyond their scope of practice - According to **NRHM guidelines**, ASHAs are **facilitators and mobilizers** for immunization, not vaccine administrators - Only **ANMs and trained health workers** are authorized to administer vaccines including DPT and OPV - ASHAs role is to **identify beneficiaries, create awareness, and escort mothers/children to immunization centers** - Vaccine administration requires technical training and cold chain management that ASHAs are not equipped for *Incorrect: Assessing the success of national programs under ANM* - While this is also not a primary ASHA duty, the question asks for what is NOT a duty - Program assessment is done at district/state levels through monitoring and evaluation teams - However, between administering vaccines (strictly prohibited) vs program assessment (not their role but may provide data), vaccine administration is more clearly NOT their duty *Incorrect: Primary screening for prevalence of non-communicable diseases* - This **IS a duty** of ASHA workers under **NPCDCS** (National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, CVD and Stroke) - ASHAs conduct basic screening for hypertension, diabetes, and common cancers using simple tools - They refer suspected cases to appropriate health facilities for confirmation and management *Incorrect: All of the options* - This is incorrect because primary NCD screening IS part of ASHA duties, and administering vaccines is the most clearly defined non-duty among the options
Question 2: In which year was the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) launched?
- A. 2002
- B. 2006
- C. 2011
- D. 2005 (Correct Answer)
Explanation: ***2005*** - The **National Rural Health Mission (NRHM)** was launched on **April 12, 2005**, by the then Prime Minister of India, Dr. Manmohan Singh. - Its primary goal was to provide accessible, affordable, and accountable quality health services to the rural population of India. *2002* - The year **2002** is associated with the National Health Policy of India, not the launch of NRHM. - The National Health Policy aimed to achieve an acceptable standard of good health amongst the general population of the country. *2006* - While significant work under NRHM was underway in **2006**, it was not the year of its inception. - This period marked an expansion phase of the mission, with increased focus on implementation and infrastructure development. *2011* - In **2011**, NRHM was in its sixth year of implementation, focusing on strengthening its initiatives, particularly in high-focus states. - The mission was later subsumed under the **National Health Mission (NHM)** in **2013**, which also included the National Urban Health Mission (NUHM).
Question 3: All are true about Swajaldhara programme except:
- A. Encourage water harvesting practices
- B. Provide drinking water in Rural areas
- C. State government maintain and manage all water supply (Correct Answer)
- D. Community led, participatory program
Explanation: ***State government maintain and manage all water supply*** - The **Swajaldhara programme** emphasizes a **community-driven approach**, where local communities are responsible for the operation and maintenance of the water supply systems. - This program aimed to shift away from complete government control, promoting **local ownership and sustainability**. *Encourage water harvesting practices* - The Swajaldhara scheme actively promoted and supported **water conservation methods**, including **rainwater harvesting**, to ensure the long-term availability of water resources. - This was an integral part of its strategy to enhance **water security** in rural areas. *Provide drinking water in Rural areas* - The primary objective of the Swajaldhara programme was to improve access to and the quality of **drinking water supplies** in **rural areas** of India. - It focused on providing safe and adequate drinking water to underserved rural populations. *Community led, participatory program* - Swajaldhara was designed as a **demand-driven and community-led initiative**, requiring beneficiaries to contribute to the capital cost and take responsibility for managing the water schemes. - This **participatory approach** fostered self-reliance and empowerment within the local communities.
Question 4: According to the National Health Policy, primary urban health centers should be designated for a population of:
- A. 30,000 people
- B. 50,000 people (Correct Answer)
- C. 10,000 people
- D. 1,000,000 people
Explanation: **50,000 people** - According to the **National Health Policy (NHP)**, specifically in the context of urban healthcare planning, a **primary urban health center (PUHC)** is designed to cater to a population of approximately **50,000 individuals**. - This population norm ensures adequate access to basic health services for urban populations, considering the higher population density and varied health needs in urban settings compared to rural areas. *30,000 people* - This population norm is typically associated with a **Primary Health Centre (PHC)** in **plain areas** according to the NHP for **rural populations**. - Urban health centers are designed for a larger population base due to differences in population density and healthcare infrastructure. *10,000 people* - This figure more closely aligns with the population norm for a **Sub-Centre** in plain areas, which is the most peripheral and first contact point between the primary healthcare system and the community. - A primary urban health center serves a significantly larger population than a sub-centre. *1,000,000 people* - A population of **one million people** would require a much larger health infrastructure, typically involving multiple hospitals, specialized centers, and a network of primary and secondary care facilities, rather than a single primary urban health center. - This figure is far too large for the designated population coverage of a primary urban health center.
Question 5: Which of the following procedures is not typically covered by the National Programme for Control of Blindness (NPCB) for reimbursement of surgery done by a non-governmental organization (NGO) eye hospital?
- A. Cataract surgery
- B. Pan retinal photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy
- C. Syringing and probing of the nasolacrimal duct (Correct Answer)
- D. Trabeculectomy surgery
Explanation: ***Syringing and probing of the nasolacrimal duct*** - While important for lacrimal drainage issues, procedures like **syringing and probing** are generally considered minor and less vision-restoring compared to the major surgeries targeted by the **NPCB**. - The **NPCB** focuses on interventions for leading causes of blindness, primarily **cataract** and other significant vision-threatening conditions, which this procedure typically isn't. *Cataract surgery* - **Cataract surgery** is a cornerstone of the **NPCB's** efforts, as cataracts are the leading cause of reversible blindness. - Reimbursement for **cataract surgery** is a primary objective to improve access and reduce the burden of blindness. *Pan retinal photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy* - **Diabetic retinopathy** is a major cause of preventable blindness, and **pan retinal photocoagulation (PRP)** is a key intervention to preserve vision. - The **NPCB** includes procedures for **diabetic retinopathy** management due to its significant public health impact. *Trabeculectomy surgery* - **Trabeculectomy** is a surgical procedure for **glaucoma**, which is another significant cause of irreversible blindness. - The **NPCB** includes interventions for **glaucoma** given its severe vision-threatening nature and the need for surgical management in many cases.
Question 6: Which committee is responsible for making a plan for village health under NHM
- A. Village Health Sanitation and Nutrition Committee (Correct Answer)
- B. Village Health planning and management committee
- C. Rogi kalyan samiti
- D. Panchayat Health Committee
Explanation: ***Village health sanitation and Nutrition committee*** - The **Village Health, Sanitation and Nutrition Committee (VHSNC)** is the designated body under the National Health Mission (NHM) responsible for local health planning and resource management at the village level. - Its primary role is to promote community participation, address **local health needs**, and facilitate the implementation of health and nutrition programs. *Village Health planning and management committee* - This is not the officially recognized or structured committee name under the **National Health Mission (NHM)** for village-level health planning. - While reflecting similar functions, the specific nomenclature and mandate belong to the **VHSNC**. *Panchayat Health Committee.* - While panchayats play a crucial role in local governance and health initiatives, the dedicated committee for health planning under NHM is the **VHSNC**, not a general "Panchayat Health Committee." - The **VHSNC** is specifically constituted for health, sanitation, and nutrition, often with broader representation than just the panchayat members. *Rogi kalyan samiti* - **Rogi Kalyan Samitis** (Patient Welfare Committees) primarily operate at the **facility level** (e.g., district hospitals, Community Health Centers) to improve basic amenities and services for patients. - They are not responsible for comprehensive **village-level health planning** as described in the question.
Question 7: Health guide works at the level of
- A. CHC
- B. Sub-centre
- C. PHC
- D. Village (Correct Answer)
Explanation: ***Village*** - Health guides are **community-level health workers** who serve as a crucial link between health services and the rural population. - Their primary role is to provide **basic health education** and facilitate access to healthcare at the local, village level. *CHC* - **Community Health Centers** (CHCs) serve a larger population (80,000 to 1.2 lakh people) and offer specialized services including surgery, obstetrics, and pediatrics. - They are typically managed by a team of doctors and specialists, placing them at a higher tier than the village level. *Sub-centre* - **Sub-centres** are the most peripheral and first contact point between the primary healthcare system and the community, usually catering to a population of 3,000-5,000. - They are staffed by a Female Health Worker (ANM) and a Male Health Worker, and while they are close to villages, the health guide operates directly within the village. *PHC* - **Primary Health Centres** (PHCs) serve a larger area, typically covering 20,000-30,000 people, and manage 4-6 sub-centres. - They provide general medical care, maternal and child health services, and disease control programs, representing a higher administrative and service point than the village level.
Question 8: Which principle primarily led to the shift in emphasis from urban to rural health services?
- A. Intersectoral coordination
- B. Decentralized planning
- C. Equitable distribution (Correct Answer)
- D. Community participation
Explanation: ***Equitable distribution*** - This principle emphasizes that health services should be accessible to all, regardless of geographic location or socioeconomic status, leading to a focus on underserved rural areas. - The goal is to reduce health disparities between urban and rural populations by allocating resources where they are most needed. *Decentralized planning* - This principle involves shifting decision-making power from central authorities to local levels, which can lead to better responsiveness to local needs but does not inherently mandate a shift towards rural services. - While decentralization can facilitate rural health development, it is a mechanism rather than the primary driving principle for equitable distribution. *Intersectoral coordination* - This involves collaboration between the health sector and other sectors (e.g., education, agriculture) to address health determinants. While important for rural health, it's a strategy for improving health outcomes rather than the core principle for shifting resource allocation. - It focuses on a holistic approach to health, but not specifically on the relocation of services from urban to rural settings. *Community participation* - This principle involves engaging communities in planning and implementing health programs, which is vital for the sustainability and relevance of rural health services. - While essential for effective rural health initiatives, community participation is a method of delivery and engagement rather than the fundamental principle guiding the reorientation of services towards rural areas.
Question 9: Village health guide scheme was started in?
- A. 1977 (Correct Answer)
- B. 1974
- C. 1989
- D. 1986
Explanation: ***1977*** - The **Village Health Guide (VHG) Scheme** was launched on **October 2, 1977**, as part of a comprehensive rural health care programme. - This scheme aimed to provide basic health services and health education at the village level, empowering local communities. *1974* - While significant health policies were discussed in the 1970s, **1974** is not the year the Village Health Guide scheme was initiated. - The focus during this period was on strengthening primary healthcare, leading up to later reforms. *1989* - **1989** falls much later than the actual launch of the VHG scheme. - By this time, the VHG scheme was already well-established and undergoing evaluations and adjustments. *1986* - The year **1986** is incorrect for the launch of the Village Health Guide scheme. - This period saw other health initiatives, but the VHG scheme predates it significantly.
Question 10: The components included in Pareek's method of socio-economic classification for rural areas include the following EXCEPT:
- A. Income (Correct Answer)
- B. Education
- C. Caste
- D. Occupation
Explanation: ***Income*** - Pareek's socio-economic classification for rural areas (1965) focuses on non-monetary and tangible indicators of socio-economic status. - **Income is NOT included** in Pareek's scale as it is difficult to measure accurately in rural settings and subject to seasonal variations. - This makes Income the correct answer for this EXCEPT question. *Education* - **Education** is a key component in Pareek's scale, reflecting an individual's knowledge, skills, and potential for social mobility. - Higher educational attainment generally correlates with better socio-economic standing in rural settings. *Caste* - **Caste** is included in Pareek's classification as a significant social stratification indicator in rural India. - It reflects social hierarchy, access to resources, and traditional occupational patterns. *Occupation* - **Occupation** is a significant factor in Pareek's scale, indicating the type of work performed and its associated prestige and stability. - Different occupations in rural areas (e.g., landowning farmer vs. daily wage laborer) contribute differently to socio-economic status.
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