Public Health Administration Practice Questions

Q: What is considered a First Referral Unit (FRU)?

Community Health Centre (CHC). ### Explanation **Why Community Health Centre (CHC) is the Correct Answer:** A **First Referral Unit (FRU)** is a health facility that provides specialized services and is equipped to handle emergencies. According to the Government of India guidelines, a facility is declared an FRU only if it provides **three critical services** 24/7: 1. **Emergency Obstetric Care** (including C-sections). 2. **Newborn Care.** 3. **Blood Storage Facilities.** While any facility (like a Sub-District Hospital) meeting these criteria can be an FRU, the **CHC** is the designated primary level in the 3-tier healthcare system intended to function as an FRU, serving a population of 80,000 to 1,20,000. **Analysis of Incorrect Options:** * **A. Sub-centre:** This is the peripheral contact point between the primary healthcare system and the community. It provides basic preventive and promotive care but lacks specialized staff or surgical infrastructure. * **B. Primary Health Centre (PHC):** This is the first contact point between the village community and a Medical Officer. While it refers patients upward, it does not have the surgical or specialist capacity (like Anesthetists or Obstetricians) to be classified as an FRU. * **D. Medical College and Hospital:** These are considered **Tertiary Care** centers. While they accept referrals, they are not the "First" point of referral; they handle complex cases referred from FRUs/CHCs. **High-Yield NEET-PG Pearls:** * **Staffing at CHC:** 4 Specialists (Surgeon, Physician, Gynecologist, Pediatrician) are mandatory. * **Bed Capacity:** A standard CHC has **30 beds**. * **Indian Public Health Standards (IPHS):** Under IPHS, the focus for an FRU is "Emergency Obstetric and Mother Care" (EmOC). * **Referral Chain:** Sub-centre → PHC → CHC (FRU) → District Hospital → Medical College.

Q: Which of the following is NOT an objective of the Minimum Needs Programme?

Prioritizing urban areas. ### Explanation The **Minimum Needs Programme (MNP)** was introduced during the **5th Five-Year Plan (1974–79)** with the primary objective of providing basic social services to the marginalized sections of society, specifically focusing on **rural and underserved populations**. **1. Why "Prioritizing urban areas" is the correct answer:** The MNP was designed to reduce regional disparities. Its core philosophy is to uplift the **rural poor** by providing essential infrastructure. Therefore, prioritizing urban areas contradicts the program's fundamental goal of rural development and social equity. **2. Analysis of Incorrect Options:** * **Option A (Integration of services):** A key strategy of MNP is the "integration of services" (Health, Nutrition, Water Supply) to improve the overall Quality of Life. * **Option C (PHC Norms):** Under the MNP, specific targets were set for health infrastructure, including the establishment of one Primary Health Centre (PHC) per 30,000 population in plain areas (and 20,000 in hilly/tribal areas). * **Option D (Mid-Day Meal & Sanitation):** The MNP aims to link various components like Rural Health, Nutrition (Mid-Day Meals), and Rural Sanitation to create a synergistic impact on public health. **3. High-Yield Facts for NEET-PG:** * **Launch:** 5th Five-Year Plan (1974). * **Components (The 8 Pillars):** 1. Rural Health, 2. Rural Water Supply, 3. Rural Electrification, 4. Elementary Education, 5. Adult Education, 6. Nutrition, 7. Environmental Improvement of Urban Slums (Note: This is the *only* urban component, but the program does not *prioritize* urban areas over rural), 8. Houses for Landless Laborers. * **Health Target:** The MNP set the norm of 1 Sub-centre per 5,000 population and 1 PHC per 30,000 population.

Q: Which of the following statements regarding the Female Health Worker program is true?

Covers a population of 5000 people. ### Explanation **1. Why Option B is Correct:** The Female Health Worker, also known as the **Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANM)**, is the key functionary at the **Sub-centre** level. According to Indian Public Health Standards (IPHS), a Sub-centre (and thus one ANM) covers a population of **5,000 in plain areas** and **3,000 in hilly, tribal, or difficult terrains**. This is a fundamental structural unit of the rural health framework in India. **2. Why the Other Options are Incorrect:** * **Option A:** The ANM acts at the **Sub-centre level**, not the PHC level. The PHC is the first referral unit for the Sub-centre and is staffed by a Medical Officer and a Lady Health Visitor (LHV). * **Option C:** Chlorination of wells is primarily the responsibility of the **Male Health Worker (MPW-M)** or the village-level sanitation committee. The ANM focuses on maternal and child health, immunization, and family planning. * **Option D:** Under the Postnatal Care (PNC) guidelines, the ANM/ASHA must ensure **6 visits** for home deliveries (Days 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28) and **5 visits** for institutional deliveries (starting from Day 3). Three visits are considered inadequate under current JSY/JSSK norms. **3. High-Yield Clinical Pearls for NEET-PG:** * **Supervision:** The ANM is supervised by the **Lady Health Visitor (LHV)** or Health Assistant (Female). One LHV supervises 6 Sub-centres. * **Key Role:** The ANM is the primary provider of **Immunization** and **Antenatal Care (ANC)** at the grassroots level. * **Staffing:** Under IPHS norms, a Sub-centre should ideally have **two ANMs** (one permanent and one on contract). * **Population Norms:** * Sub-centre: 3,000–5,000 * PHC: 20,000–30,000 * CHC: 80,000–1,20,000

Q: Which services are provided at the facility shown in the symbol?

RTI/STI services. ***RTI/STI services*** - The symbol represents **RTI/STI clinics** established under **NACO (National AIDS Control Organisation)** for reproductive tract and sexually transmitted infection management. - These facilities provide **comprehensive STI diagnosis**, **treatment**, and **counseling services** as part of India's national HIV prevention strategy. *DOTS services* - **DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment Short-course)** facilities have a distinct symbol representing **tuberculosis treatment centers** under the national TB control program. - These centers focus specifically on **anti-TB drug administration** and **patient monitoring**, not RTI/STI services. *HIV Counselling* - **ICTC (Integrated Counselling and Testing Centers)** have separate symbols for **HIV testing** and **pre/post-test counseling** services. - While related to STI prevention, these centers primarily focus on **HIV diagnosis** and **linkage to ART**, not comprehensive RTI/STI management. *First aid services* - **First aid centers** use universal medical symbols like **red cross** or **green cross** for emergency medical care. - These facilities provide **immediate emergency treatment** and **trauma care**, not specialized reproductive health services.

Q: Who is responsible for maintaining the register for blind data surveys?

District Health Society. **Explanation:** The correct answer is **District Health Society (A)**. Under the **National Programme for Control of Blindness and Visual Impairment (NPCBVI)**, the administrative structure is decentralized to ensure effective implementation at the grassroots level. The **District Health Society (DHS)** is the nodal agency responsible for the execution of the program. It maintains the district-level register for blind data surveys, coordinates eye screening camps, and manages the distribution of funds and equipment to local facilities. **Analysis of Incorrect Options:** * **State Health Society (B):** While the State Health Society provides policy guidelines and monitors the program's progress across various districts, it does not maintain primary data registers for individual surveys; this is a localized function. * **Central Program Division, DGHS (C):** This is the national-level body responsible for planning, budgeting, and formulating national guidelines. It deals with macro-data rather than maintaining specific survey registers. * **Village Health Guide (D):** This is an obsolete cadre in most parts of India. While community-level workers (like ASHAs) assist in identifying cases, they do not have the administrative mandate to maintain official survey registers. **High-Yield Pearls for NEET-PG:** * **NPCBVI Goal:** To reduce the prevalence of blindness to **0.25%** by 2025. * **Definition of Blindness (NPCBVI):** Visual acuity **<3/60** in the better eye with best possible correction. * **Main Cause of Blindness in India:** Cataract (approx. 66.2%), followed by Refractive Errors. * **District Blindness Control Society (DBCP):** Now merged into the District Health Society under NHM, it remains the key functional unit for blindness data.

Question 1

What is considered a First Referral Unit (FRU)?

Accepted Answer

Community Health Centre (CHC)

Answer

Sub-centre

Answer

Primary Health Centre (PHC)

Answer

Medical college and hospital

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT an objective of the Minimum Needs Programme?

Accepted Answer

Prioritizing urban areas

Answer

Integration of health, water, and sanitation services

Answer

Establishing one Primary Health Centre for every 30,000 population

Answer

Linking the Mid-Day Meal Programme to sanitation initiatives

Question 3

Annual blood smear examination rate is an indicator of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Operational efficiency

Answer

Disease rate (Prevalence)

Answer

Percentage of transmission of malaria

Answer

Infectivity rate

Question 4

Which of the following statements regarding the Female Health Worker program is true?

Accepted Answer

Covers a population of 5000 people

Answer

Acts at the Primary Health Centre (PHC) level

Answer

Chlorinates wells at regular intervals

Answer

Makes at least 3 postnatal visits for each delivery

Question 5

Who should be trained in a community for house-to-house surveys?

Accepted Answer

Multipurpose worker

Answer

Volunteer

Answer

Health educator

Answer

Health guide

Question 6

Which of the following is a part of the planning cycle?

Accepted Answer

Resource assessment

Answer

Analysis of the situation

Answer

Evaluation

Answer

All of the above

Question 7

Under the National Rural Health Mission, an Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) will receive financial remuneration for all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

Zero dose of DPT and OPV

Answer

Institutional deliveries

Answer

Measuring the birth weight of neonates

Answer

Registration of births

Question 8

Which services are provided at the facility shown in the symbol?

Accepted Answer

RTI/STI services

Answer

DOTS services

Answer

HIV Counselling

Answer

First aid services

Question 9

Who is responsible for maintaining the register for blind data surveys?

Accepted Answer

District Health Society

Answer

State Health Society

Answer

Central Program Division, DGHS

Answer

Village Health Guide

Question 10

Which level of health service provides the highest level of integration?

Accepted Answer

Primary Health Centre (PHC)

Answer

Sub-centre

Answer

Community Health Centre (CHC)

Answer

District hospital

Public Health Administration — MCQs

Public Health Administration — MCQs

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