Public Health Administration Practice Questions

Q: In NRHM, the ASHA workers are recruited from the same village. Which part of principles of primary health care is followed here?

Community participation. **Community participation** - Recruiting ASHA workers from the same village exemplifies **community participation** by empowering local individuals to lead health initiatives and ensures their understanding of local customs and needs. - This approach fosters trust and acceptability within the community, making health services more **accessible and relevant** to the population. *Appropriate technology* - This principle refers to the use of **scientifically sound and acceptable methods** and tools that are affordable and relevant to local conditions. - While ASHAs use appropriate technologies, their recruitment method itself doesn't directly illustrate this principle. *Intersectorial coordination* - This involves collaborative efforts between the health sector and other sectors like education, agriculture, and sanitation, to address the **social determinants of health**. - Recruiting ASHAs addresses human resources within the health sector, not coordination between different sectors. *Equitable distribution* - This principle aims to ensure that health resources and services are **available to all people regardless of their geographic location** or socioeconomic status. - While having ASHAs in rural areas contributes to equity, the specific act of recruiting them *from the same village* primarily highlights community involvement and local ownership, rather than just the distribution of services.

Q: Under Primary Health Care, which of the following staff is present at the sub-centre level?

Multipurpose health worker. ***Multipurpose health worker*** - Subcenters, the most peripheral healthcare facilities, are typically staffed by **Multipurpose Health Workers (MPHWs)**, both male and female, to deliver basic health services. - MPHWs are responsible for a wide range of primary health activities including **maternal and child health**, family planning, immunization, and disease surveillance at the community level. *Medical officer* - **Medical officers** are typically found at the **Primary Health Centres (PHCs)**, which are a higher tier of healthcare facility than subcenters. - Their role involves supervising subcenters and providing **clinical care** that is beyond the scope of MPHWs. *Block extension educator* - **Block extension educators** work at the block level, usually associated with the **Community Health Centre (CHC)** or block-level health administration. - Their primary role involves **health education and awareness** programs, operating at a broader administrative level than the subcenter. *Health guides* - **Health guides** are community-level volunteers or workers, often chosen from within the community, to serve as a link between the healthcare system and the populace. - While they assist with health promotion, they are generally not considered the primary professional staff permanently stationed at a **subcenter**.

Q: True statement about road traffic accidents

Contribute to 50% of all injury-related deaths in India. ***Contribute to 50% of all injury-related deaths in India*** - Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are a significant public health problem in India, accounting for about **half of all injury-related deaths**. - This highlights the severe impact of RTAs on mortality rates due to injuries in the country. - According to WHO and National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) data, RTAs consistently contribute to approximately 40-50% of all injury-related mortality in India. *More common in motor-car users than pedestrians in the USA* - While motor-car occupants are involved in many accidents, **pedestrian fatalities** remain a serious concern in the USA. - This statement makes an unverified comparison that is not consistently true across all data sets, as pedestrian risks can be substantial, particularly in urban areas. *Most common cause of accidental deaths in India* - While RTAs are a **leading** cause of accidental deaths, the "most common" designation varies depending on the year and specific data definitions. - Other major causes of accidental deaths include **falls, drowning, and poisoning**, making the absolute claim of "most common" inaccurate. *More numerous than self-inflicted injuries in India* - This statement compares RTAs to self-inflicted injuries (suicide attempts or self-harm), which are distinctly different injury categories. - Without specific comparative epidemiological data, this direct numerical comparison is speculative and not consistently supported by evidence.

Q: The population covered by an ASHA is:

1000. ***1000*** - An **ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist)** typically covers a population of approximately **1000 individuals** in plain/general rural areas. - This ratio ensures that each ASHA worker can effectively provide primary healthcare services, health education, and link the community to health facilities. *2000* - This is not a standard population coverage norm for any specific health worker under NRHM. - ASHAs are designed to cover smaller, more manageable populations (1000) to ensure effective community-level engagement. *2500* - This is not aligned with standard NRHM norms for health worker coverage. - For reference, a **sub-center** covers **3000 population in plain areas** (or 5000 in hilly/tribal/difficult areas), not 2500. - ASHA's responsibility is at the village level with much smaller population coverage. *500* - In **tribal, hilly, or difficult terrain areas**, one ASHA may cover a smaller population of around **500-600** due to accessibility challenges. - In **general/plain areas**, the standard norm is 1000 population per ASHA. - Note: **Anganwadi Workers (AWW)** typically cover 400-800 population, which is a different cadre of worker.

Q: When was the National Mental Health Programme (NMHP) started in India?

1982. ***1982*** - The **National Mental Health Programme (NMHP)** was launched in India in **1982**. - Its objective was to ensure the availability and accessibility of minimum mental healthcare for all. *1987* - This year is not recognized as the starting point for a major national mental health program in India. - While there may have been mental health initiatives, 1982 marks the official launch of the NMHP. *1995* - While subsequent amendments and enhancements to the NMHP occurred, 1995 was not the year of its inception. - The **District Mental Health Programme (DMHP)** was initiated as a pilot project in 1996, building on the NMHP. *1990* - This year did not mark the beginning of the national mental health program in India. - The initial framework and goals for mental healthcare were established earlier in the 1980s.

Q: A subcentre caters to a population of:

5000. ***5000*** - A subcentre is designed to cater to a population of **5000** in **plain areas**. - In **hilly, tribal, or difficult-to-access areas**, a subcentre typically covers a population of **3000**. *3000* - This population coverage is applicable for subcentres in **hilly, tribal, or desert areas**, not general populations. - For plain areas, the target population is higher. *7000* - This population figure is typically associated with a **Primary Health Centre (PHC)** in a plain area, not a subcentre. - A subcentre is the most peripheral and first contact point between the primary healthcare system and the community. *10,000* - This population figure is also associated with a **Primary Health Centre (PHC)** in **hilly, tribal, or difficult areas**. - Subcentres serve a smaller, more localized population.

Q: Vision 2020 includes all of the following, except?

Age-related Macular Degeneration. ***Age-related Macular Degeneration*** - **Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)** was originally **not included** as one of the priority diseases in the initial "Vision 2020: The Right to Sight" initiative. - The initial focus was on conditions with a high burden of preventable blindness that were readily treatable or preventable with widely available interventions. *Diabetic Retinopathy* - **Diabetic retinopathy** is a major cause of preventable blindness and was specifically targeted by Vision 2020 efforts due to its increasing prevalence globally. - Early detection and treatment through retinal screening are crucial components of preventing vision loss from diabetic retinopathy. *Refractive Errors* - **Uncorrected refractive errors** are a leading cause of visual impairment worldwide, and their correction with spectacles is a simple and cost-effective intervention. - Vision 2020 emphasized accessible and affordable refractive error services to improve vision in affected populations. *Cataract* - **Cataract** is the leading cause of blindness globally, and its surgical removal is a highly effective and widely accessible treatment. - Vision 2020 prioritized increasing the number of cataract surgeries to restore sight to millions.

Q: School health checkup comes under which level of prevention?

Secondary. ***Secondary*** - School health check-ups aim for **early diagnosis and prompt treatment** of diseases or health conditions in apparently healthy children. - This level of prevention focuses on reducing the **prevalence of disease** by shortening its duration and preventing complications. *Tertiary* - Tertiary prevention involves **rehabilitation and minimizing disability** after a disease has already established and caused damage. - Examples include physical therapy after a stroke or managing chronic conditions to prevent further deterioration. *Primary* - Primary prevention aims to **prevent the onset of disease** entirely in healthy individuals before it occurs. - Examples include vaccinations, health education on balanced diet, and promoting regular exercise. *Primordial* - Primordial prevention targets the **prevention of risk factors** themselves from ever emerging, often at a societal level. - This includes policies that discourage unhealthy behaviors or create environments that promote health, such as improving sanitation or economic development.

Q: Economic blindness is defined as:

Vision 6/60 to 3/60. ***Vision 6/60 to 3/60*** - **Economic blindness** refers to a level of visual impairment where an individual is unable to perform most jobs requiring good sight. - This category specifically encompasses visual acuity ranging from **6/60 to 3/60** (or 20/200 to 20/400 in feet). *Severe visual impairment with vision below 1/60* - Vision below **1/60** with significant visual field loss is typically classified as **absolute blindness** or **total blindness**. - This degree of impairment is more severe than economic blindness and often implies a complete inability to see objects. *Social blindness with vision below 3/60* - **Social blindness** is defined by a visual acuity of **3/60 or less**. - This level indicates significant visual impairment where an individual may be unable to navigate independently in an unfamiliar environment. *Complete blindness with no perception of light* - This definition describes **total blindness** or **no light perception (NLP)**. - It represents the most severe form of visual loss, where the individual cannot perceive any light.

Question 1

In NRHM, the ASHA workers are recruited from the same village. Which part of principles of primary health care is followed here?

Accepted Answer

Community participation

Answer

Appropriate technology

Answer

Intersectorial coordination

Answer

Equitable distribution

Question 2

‘Accompanied MDT’ in NLEP implies

Accepted Answer

Any responsible person from family or village can collect MDT, if patient is unable to come

Answer

MDT should be accompanied with Steroids/ Clofazimine to help fight Reversal reactions

Answer

MDT prescription should be accompanied by all the precautions to be observed by the patient

Answer

A patient will be given MDT only in the presence of a MDT provider

Question 3

Under Primary Health Care, which of the following staff is present at the sub-centre level?

Accepted Answer

Multipurpose health worker

Answer

Medical officer

Answer

Block extension educator

Answer

Health guides

Question 4

True statement about road traffic accidents

Accepted Answer

Contribute to 50% of all injury-related deaths in India

Answer

More common in motor-car users than pedestrians in the USA

Answer

Most common cause of accidental deaths in India

Answer

More numerous than self-inflicted injuries in India

Question 5

The population covered by an ASHA is:

Accepted Answer

1000

Answer

2000

Answer

2500

Answer

500

Question 6

When was the National Mental Health Programme (NMHP) started in India?

Accepted Answer

1982

Answer

1987

Answer

1995

Answer

1990

Question 7

A subcentre caters to a population of:

Accepted Answer

5000

Answer

3000

Answer

7000

Answer

10,000

Question 8

Vision 2020 includes all of the following, except?

Accepted Answer

Age-related Macular Degeneration

Answer

Diabetic Retinopathy

Answer

Refractive Errors

Answer

Cataract

Question 9

School health checkup comes under which level of prevention?

Accepted Answer

Secondary

Answer

Tertiary

Answer

Primary

Answer

Primordial

Question 10

Economic blindness is defined as:

Accepted Answer

Vision 6/60 to 3/60

Answer

Social blindness with vision below 3/60.

Answer

Complete blindness with no perception of light

Answer

Severe visual impairment with vision below 1/60

Public Health Administration — MCQs

Public Health Administration — MCQs

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