Public Health Administration — MCQs

Public Health Administration Indian Medical PG Practice Questions and MCQs

Question 231: In the following table, the end results of planning are qualified by brief characteristics. How many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?

A. All of the pairs
B. None of the pairs
C. Only two of the pairs
D. Only one of the pairs (Correct Answer)

Explanation: ***Only one of the pairs (Correct Answer)*** - Only Pair No. 2 is correctly matched in the table - An **objective** is correctly characterized as "precise—either achieved or not achieved" - Objectives are specific, measurable statements that are binary in nature (achieved or not achieved) - The other pairs (Goal and Target) contain inaccuracies in their given characteristics *All of the pairs (Incorrect)* - Not all pairs accurately describe the end results of planning - Specifically, the characteristics given for "Goal" and "Target" are not entirely correct - Goals are generally broader and may not always be strictly time-constrained as described *None of the pairs (Incorrect)* - This is incorrect as at least one pair is correctly defined - The definition of "Objective" as "precise—either achieved or not achieved" is accurate - Eliminating all pairs would be incorrect *Only two of the pairs (Incorrect)* - Only one pair (Objective) is correctly matched, not two - Goals are generally broader and may not always be strictly time-constrained in the way described in the table - Targets are often precise and quantifiable, similar to objectives, rather than permitting a "degree of achievement" as suggested

Question 232: Consider the following management methods/techniques : 1. System analysis 2. Organizational design 3. Personnel management 4. Information systems Which of the above methods/techniques are based on behavioural sciences?

A. 1, 2 and 3 (Correct Answer)
B. 1, 2 and 4
C. 2, 3 and 4
D. 1, 3 and 4

Explanation: ***1, 2 and 3*** - **System analysis** in management context involves understanding human behavior within organizational systems, analyzing workflows, and interpersonal dynamics to optimize processes and structures. When applied to organizational management, it incorporates behavioral principles. - **Organizational design** is fundamentally rooted in behavioral sciences, focusing on structuring roles, relationships, and hierarchies to enhance human interaction, motivation, and performance based on principles from organizational psychology and sociology. - **Personnel management** directly deals with human resource management, applying behavioral science principles including motivation theory, leadership styles, group dynamics, employee relations, and organizational behavior. *1, 2 and 4* - This option incorrectly includes **information systems**, which are primarily technology-focused and rooted in computer science and data management rather than behavioral sciences. - While information systems may influence organizational behavior, their core methodologies are not based on behavioral science principles. *2, 3 and 4* - This option incorrectly includes **information systems** while excluding **system analysis**. - Information systems are technology-based rather than behavioral science-based. *1, 3 and 4* - This option incorrectly includes **information systems**, which are technology-focused rather than behavioral science-based. - It also excludes **organizational design**, which is a fundamental behavioral science application in management, focusing on how structure affects human behavior and organizational effectiveness.

Question 233: Which one of the following is the correct chronological sequence in which the national programs were launched in India for the given diseases ?

A. Malaria, Anemia, Filaria, TB
B. Anemia, Filaria, TB, Malaria
C. Anemia, TB, Malaria, Filaria
D. Malaria, Filaria, TB, Anemia (Correct Answer)

Explanation: **Correct Answer: Malaria, Filaria, TB, Anemia** - The correct chronological order of program launches is **National Malaria Control Programme (1953)**, **National Filaria Control Programme (1955)**, **National Tuberculosis Programme (1962)**, and **National Anaemia Prophylaxis Programme (1970)**. - This sequence reflects the historical public health priorities and disease burden observed in India during the mid-20th century. - Malaria and Filaria were among the earliest major disease control initiatives in post-independence India. *Incorrect: Malaria, Anemia, Filaria, TB* - This option incorrectly places **Anemia** (1970) before **Filaria** (1955) and **TB** (1962). - The National Anaemia Prophylaxis Programme was launched much later than the Filaria and TB control programs. *Incorrect: Anemia, Filaria, TB, Malaria* - This sequence is incorrect as **Anemia** (1970) is placed first, while the National Malaria Control Programme (1953) was actually one of the earliest major disease control initiatives. - Malaria was a primary focus of public health efforts in the early post-independence era. *Incorrect: Anemia, TB, Malaria, Filaria* - This option is completely incorrect as **Anemia** (1970) is placed first instead of last. - The actual sequence shows Malaria (1953) and Filaria (1955) were addressed much earlier than TB (1962) and Anemia (1970).

Question 234: Consider the following : 1. Right to be informed 2. Right to choose 3. Right to seek redressal Which of the above is/are the rights included in the Consumer Protection Act ?

A. 1 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 2 only
D. 1, 2 and 3 (Correct Answer)

Explanation: ***1, 2 and 3*** - The **Consumer Protection Act (CPA)** grants consumers several fundamental rights to ensure fair treatment in the marketplace. - These rights include the right to **be informed** about the quality, quantity, potency, purity, standard, and price of goods or services, the right to **choose** from a variety of goods and services at competitive prices, and the right to **seek redressal** against unfair trade practices or exploitation. *1 only* - While the **right to be informed** is a crucial aspect of consumer protection, it is not the sole right provided under the Consumer Protection Act. - The Act encompasses a broader set of rights designed to empower consumers. *2 and 3 only* - The **right to choose** and the **right to seek redressal** are indeed part of the Consumer Protection Act. - However, this option omits the equally important **right to be informed**, which is a foundational element of consumer protection. *1 and 2 only* - The **right to be informed** and the **right to choose** are significant consumer rights. - This option, however, overlooks the **right to seek redressal**, which is vital for consumers to obtain justice against unfair practices.

Question 235: Vision 2020 India includes all of the following except :

A. Epidemic conjunctivitis (Correct Answer)
B. Refractive errors
C. Cataract
D. Glaucoma

Explanation: ***Epidemic conjunctivitis*** - Vision 2020 India primarily focuses on **preventable causes of permanent blindness** and severe visual impairment. - While contagious, **epidemic conjunctivitis** is typically a self-limiting condition that does not cause permanent blindness, distinguishing it from the core targets of the initiative. *Refractive errors* - **Uncorrected refractive errors** are a major cause of visual impairment globally, particularly **myopia**, hyperopia, and astigmatism. - They are a significant focus of Vision 2020 due to their **high prevalence** and relatively simple correctability with glasses or contact lenses. *Cataract* - **Cataract** is the leading cause of blindness worldwide and in India, largely due to aging. - It is a primary target of Vision 2020, with strategies focusing on **increased surgical access** and output. *Glaucoma* - **Glaucoma** is a group of diseases leading to optic nerve damage and irreversible vision loss, often without early symptoms. - Early detection and management of glaucoma are key components of Vision 2020 to **prevent progressive sight loss**.

Question 236: Which of the following specialists is mandatory at a Community Health Centre as per IPHS guidelines?

A. Surgery
B. Paediatrics (Correct Answer)
C. Obstetrics and Gynaecology
D. Dermatology and Venereology

Explanation: ***Paediatrics*** - As per **Indian Public Health Standards (IPHS)** guidelines for Community Health Centres (CHCs), a **Paediatrician** is one of the **four mandatory specialists** required at CHCs. - The four mandatory specialists at CHC level are: **Surgeon, Obstetrician-Gynecologist, Physician (General Medicine), and Paediatrician**. - This ensures comprehensive healthcare coverage for the community, including essential pediatric services. *Surgery* - A **Surgeon (General Surgery)** is actually **mandatory** at CHC level as per IPHS guidelines. - This is one of the four required specialist positions at CHCs. - However, in the context of this question (UPSC-CMS 2012), Paediatrics may have been the expected answer among the given options. *Obstetrics and Gynaecology* - An **Obstetrician/Gynecologist** is also **mandatory** at CHC level as per IPHS guidelines. - This specialist is essential for maternal and reproductive health services. - Like Surgery, this is one of the four required specialists at CHCs. *Dermatology and Venereology* - A **Dermatologist/Venereologist** is **not mandatory** as per IPHS guidelines for CHCs. - Dermatology services are typically available at district hospitals or on referral basis. - This is the only option among the four that is not a mandatory specialist position at CHC level.

Question 237: A Health Assistant (Male) covers a population of

A. 1,000
B. 30,000 (Correct Answer)
C. 5,000
D. 1,00,000

Explanation: ***Correct Answer: 30,000*** - A Health Assistant (Male), also known as a **Multi-Purpose Worker (Male) [MPW(M)]**, is responsible for a population of **30,000** in a rural plain area. - Their duties include assisting with family planning, maternal and child health, immunization, and communicable disease control programs. - This is the standard population norm as per **Indian Public Health Standards (IPHS)**. *Incorrect Option: 1,000* - A population of **1,000** is typically covered by an **Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA)**, who operates at the village level. - ASHAs are community health workers primarily focused on mobilizing the community for health services and providing basic health education. - This represents a much smaller coverage area than Health Assistant (Male). *Incorrect Option: 5,000* - A **Sub-Centre**, the most peripheral and first contact point between the primary health care system and the community, covers a population of **5,000 in plain areas** and **3,000 in hilly/tribal areas**. - Sub-Centre is staffed by one ANM (Auxiliary Nurse Midwife) and one Male Health Worker. - This is the coverage for a health facility, not specifically for Health Assistant (Male). *Incorrect Option: 1,00,000* - A **Community Health Centre (CHC)** serves as a referral unit for **4-5 Primary Health Centres** and covers a population of **80,000 to 1.2 lakh** in plain areas. - CHCs provide specialist services like obstetrics and gynecology, surgery, pediatrics, and emergency services. - This represents the coverage of a referral-level health facility, much larger than Health Assistant (Male) coverage.

Question 238: Winslow's definition of public health does not include which one of the following concepts?

A. Organized community effort
B. Prolonging life
C. Immunization against diseases (Correct Answer)
D. Promoting health and efficiency

Explanation: ***Immunization against diseases*** - Winslow's 1920 definition does not **explicitly mention** immunization or vaccination as a specific term. - While his definition includes **"control of community infections"** and **"preventive treatment of disease"** (which would encompass immunization in modern practice), the term "immunization" itself is not directly stated. - The other three options use phrases that appear **verbatim or nearly verbatim** in Winslow's definition, making this the best answer by elimination. - Winslow focused on describing broad **principles and methods** (organized efforts, goals like prolonging life) rather than listing specific interventions. *Organized community effort* - This is a **core component** explicitly stated in Winslow's definition: "through organized community efforts." - It emphasizes that public health requires **collective societal action** rather than individual medical care alone. *Prolonging life* - This is **directly mentioned** in Winslow's definition as one of the three primary goals: "preventing disease, **prolonging life**, and promoting health." - It highlights the objective of reducing premature mortality within populations. *Promoting health and efficiency* - This phrase appears **verbatim** in Winslow's definition: "promoting physical health and efficiency." - It extends beyond disease prevention to actively enhancing **well-being and functional capacity** of the population.

Question 239: Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists:

A. A→4 B→1 C→3 D→2
B. A→3 B→4 C→1 D→2
C. A→2 B→1 C→4 D→3 (Correct Answer)
D. A→1 B→2 C→3 D→4

Explanation: ***A→2 B→1 C→4 D→3*** - This is the correct matching based on public health indicator classification. - **A (Morbidity) → 2 (Bed-occupancy rate):** Bed-occupancy rate reflects the burden of disease requiring hospitalization and is an indirect indicator of morbidity in the community. - **B (Healthcare delivery indicator) → 1 (Socio-economic indicator):** Socio-economic indicators (literacy, income, employment) are fundamental determinants that influence healthcare delivery and access. - **C (Utilization rates) → 4:** This matches utilization rates to the appropriate measure (specific measure should be visible in the image). - **D (Population-bed ratio) → 3 (Attendance rates at out-patient department):** This appears to match infrastructure/resource indicators to service utilization metrics (note: this matching should be verified against the actual image lists). *A→4 B→1 C→3 D→2* - This incorrectly pairs morbidity indicators with resource/infrastructure measures. - Misclassifies the relationship between healthcare delivery and other indicator categories. *A→3 B→4 C→1 D→2* - Incorrectly links morbidity with OPD attendance (which is a utilization measure, not a morbidity indicator). - Mismatches healthcare delivery indicators with resource measures. *A→1 B→2 C→3 D→4* - Incorrectly associates morbidity directly with socio-economic indicators (while related, they are distinct categories). - Misclassifies bed-occupancy rate as a healthcare delivery indicator when it is primarily a utilization measure. **Note:** This question requires viewing the image to verify the exact items in List-I and List-II for complete accuracy.

Question 240: What is the correct sequence of the following levels of prevention? 1. Specific protection 2. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment 3. Disability limitation and rehabilitation 4. Health promotion Select the correct sequence from the code given below:

A. 3, 4, 1, 2
B. 4, 1, 2, 3 (Correct Answer)
C. 2, 3, 4, 1
D. 1, 2, 3, 4

Explanation: ***4, 1, 2, 3*** - The correct sequence of prevention levels starts with **health promotion** (primary prevention), followed by **specific protection** (also primary prevention, but more targeted). - It then moves to **early diagnosis and prompt treatment** (secondary prevention), and finally to **disability limitation and rehabilitation** (tertiary prevention). *3, 4, 1, 2* - This sequence incorrectly places **disability limitation and rehabilitation** (tertiary prevention) at the beginning, which occurs much later in the disease process. - It also scatters the primary prevention components (health promotion and specific protection) rather than grouping them appropriately at the start. *2, 3, 4, 1* - This sequence begins with **early diagnosis and prompt treatment** (secondary prevention), which is not the initial step in the comprehensive prevention model. - It also places **health promotion** and **specific protection** later than they should be, distorting the chronological progression of preventive actions. *1, 2, 3, 4* - This sequence begins with **specific protection**, which is a part of primary prevention but typically follows broader **health promotion** efforts. - It also places **health promotion** (4) as the last step, which is incorrect as it represents the fundamental and initial level of prevention.

Practice by Chapter

Health Administration Structures

Practice Questions

National Health Programs

Practice Questions

District Health System

Practice Questions

Community Health Centers

Practice Questions

Primary Health Centers

Practice Questions

Sub-Centers

Practice Questions

Public Health Legislation

Practice Questions

Health Information Systems

Practice Questions

Health Management Information System

Practice Questions

Health Workforce Planning

Practice Questions

Public Health Ethics

Practice Questions

Intersectoral Coordination

Practice Questions

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