Public Health Administration — MCQs

A study was conducted among nursing staff to analyze the time spent on different aspects of patient care, such as bed preparation, monitoring vital signs, attending the doctor’s rounds, blood sampling, and drug administration. Which of the following management techniques is most appropriate for this type of analysis?

Q216

School health service should include all the following except

Q217

Which of the following is used to measure the degree of objective and target achievement, and assess the quality of results obtained in a health program?

Q218

Identify the programme symbol as given in the image:

Q219

Identify the programme depicted by symbol as given in the image: (Recent NEET Pattern 2016-17)

Q220

What is not true about the below given programme?

Public Health Administration Indian Medical PG Practice Questions and MCQs

Question 211: What is the population covered by a community health center?

A. 5,000
B. 30,000
C. 100,000 (Correct Answer)
D. None

Explanation: ### Explanation The **Community Health Center (CHC)** represents the secondary level of health care in India’s three-tier public health infrastructure. It serves as a referral center for four Primary Health Centers (PHCs) and provides specialized services (Medicine, Surgery, OBG, and Pediatrics). **1. Why Option C is Correct:** According to the Indian Public Health Standards (IPHS), a CHC is designed to cover a population of: * **80,000** in hilly, tribal, or backward areas. * **120,000** in plain areas. Since **100,000** is the median value and the standard representative figure used in most national health examinations, it is the correct choice. **2. Why Other Options are Incorrect:** * **Option A (5,000):** This is the population norm for a **Sub-Center** in plain areas (3,000 for hilly/tribal areas). The Sub-Center is the most peripheral contact point. * **Option B (30,000):** This is the population norm for a **Primary Health Center (PHC)** in plain areas (20,000 for hilly/tribal areas). **3. High-Yield Clinical Pearls for NEET-PG:** * **Bed Strength:** A CHC typically has **30 beds**. * **Staffing:** There are **25 staff members** at a CHC, including 4 specialists. * **Referral Unit:** A CHC is often designated as a **First Referral Unit (FRU)** if it provides 24/7 emergency obstetric care, newborn care, and blood storage facilities. * **Staffing Ratio:** 1 CHC serves as a referral point for **4 PHCs**.

Question 212: National Institute of Homeopathy is located in which city?

A. Delhi
B. Kolkata (Correct Answer)
C. Chennai
D. Mumbai

Explanation: **Explanation:** The **National Institute of Homeopathy (NIH)** was established in **1975** in **Kolkata**, West Bengal. It functions as an autonomous organization under the **Ministry of AYUSH**, Government of India. It is the premier institute for homeopathy in the country, focusing on high-quality education, research, and outpatient/inpatient medical services. **Analysis of Options:** * **Kolkata (Correct):** It is the headquarters of the NIH. Historically, Kolkata has been a major hub for homeopathic medicine in India since the 19th century. * **Delhi:** While Delhi houses the **Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy (CCRH)** and the Directorate of AYUSH, the National Institute itself is not located here. * **Chennai:** This city is the headquarters for the **National Institute of Siddha (NIS)**. * **Mumbai:** While Mumbai has several prominent medical colleges, it does not host a National Institute under the AYUSH ministry. **High-Yield Facts for NEET-PG (National Institutes under AYUSH):** To score well in Public Health Administration, remember the locations of these premier institutes: 1. **Ayurveda:** National Institute of Ayurveda (NIA) – **Jaipur**. 2. **Yoga:** Morarji Desai National Institute of Yoga (MDNIY) – **New Delhi**. 3. **Unani:** National Institute of Unani Medicine (NIUM) – **Bengaluru**. 4. **Siddha:** National Institute of Siddha (NIS) – **Chennai**. 5. **Naturopathy:** National Institute of Naturopathy (NIN) – **Pune**. 6. **Homeopathy:** National Institute of Homeopathy (NIH) – **Kolkata**. **Clinical Pearl:** The Ministry of AYUSH was formed in **2014** to ensure the optimal development and propagation of AYUSH systems of health care. Knowledge of these institutes is frequently tested in the "Health Care Delivery System" section of Community Medicine.

Question 213: Provision of PHC was done by which committee?

A. Bhore Committee (Correct Answer)
B. Chadah Committee
C. Shrivastava Committee
D. Bajaj Committee

Explanation: The **Bhore Committee (1946)**, officially known as the Health Survey and Development Committee, is the cornerstone of public health administration in India. It laid the foundation for the modern healthcare system by recommending the establishment of **Primary Health Centres (PHCs)** to provide integrated preventive and curative services to the rural population. ### Why Bhore Committee is Correct: The committee proposed a comprehensive "3-tier system" of healthcare. Its long-term goal was the "3-million plan," which envisioned a PHC for every 10,000 to 20,000 people. It emphasized that "no individual should fail to secure adequate medical care because of inability to pay." ### Explanation of Incorrect Options: * **Chadah Committee (1963):** Focused on the maintenance phase of the National Malaria Eradication Programme and recommended that Basic Health Workers (BHWs) perform vigilance activities for both Malaria and Family Planning. * **Shrivastava Committee (1975):** Known for the "Group on Medical Education and Support Manpower." It recommended the creation of **Village Health Guides** and the "Reorientation of Medical Education" (ROME) scheme. * **Bajaj Committee (1986):** Focused on **Health Manpower Planning** and production. It recommended the formulation of a National Medical & Health Education Policy. ### High-Yield Clinical Pearls for NEET-PG: * **Bhore Committee (1946):** Concept of **Social Physician**, integration of preventive and curative services, and the 3-million plan. * **Mudaliar Committee (1962):** Recommended strengthening existing PHCs before starting new ones (Quality over Quantity). * **Kartar Singh Committee (1973):** Introduced the concept of **MPW (Multi-Purpose Worker)** and replaced "ANM" with "Female Health Worker." * **Jungalwalla Committee (1967):** Known as the Committee on **Integration of Health Services** (elimination of private practice by government doctors).

Question 214: Which of the following is the national level system that provides annual national as well as state level reliable estimates of fertility and mortality?

A. Sample registration system (Correct Answer)
B. Census
C. Ad-hoc survey
D. National Family Health Survey

Explanation: **Explanation:** **1. Why Sample Registration System (SRS) is Correct:** The Sample Registration System (SRS) is a large-scale demographic survey in India that provides annual estimates of the **Birth Rate, Death Rate, and Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)** at both national and state levels. It utilizes a unique **"Dual Record System,"** combining continuous enumeration of births and deaths by a resident part-time enumerator with an independent retrospective half-yearly survey by a full-time supervisor. This cross-verification makes it the most reliable source for annual vital statistics in India. **2. Why Other Options are Incorrect:** * **Census:** While it is the largest source of demographic data, it is conducted only once every **10 years**. It provides a "snapshot" of the population but does not provide annual estimates of fertility and mortality. * **Ad-hoc Survey:** These are conducted for specific purposes or regions (e.g., a malaria survey in a district) and do not provide systematic, annual, national-level data. * **National Family Health Survey (NFHS):** This is a multi-round survey (NFHS-1 to NFHS-5) conducted periodically (usually every 4–5 years). While it provides comprehensive data on maternal and child health, it is not an annual system. **High-Yield Facts for NEET-PG:** * **SRS Authority:** It is conducted by the **Office of the Registrar General of India (RGI)**, Ministry of Home Affairs. * **Vital Statistics:** SRS is the primary source for the **Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)** and **Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR)** in India. * **Civil Registration System (CRS):** Unlike SRS (which is based on sampling), CRS aims for 100% registration of births and deaths but currently suffers from under-reporting in many states. * **Gold Standard:** For annual vital rates in India, SRS is considered the "Gold Standard."

Question 215: A study was conducted among nursing staff to analyze the time spent on different aspects of patient care, such as bed preparation, monitoring vital signs, attending the doctor’s rounds, blood sampling, and drug administration. Which of the following management techniques is most appropriate for this type of analysis?

A. System Analysis
B. Critical Path Method
C. Time and Motion Study
D. Work Sampling (Correct Answer)

Explanation: ***Work Sampling*** - It is a statistical method used to determine the proportional time spent on different activities based on a large number of **random observations** - This technique is highly appropriate for analyzing nursing activities because it is **less costly and non-disruptive** than continuous detailed observation - Provides an accurate estimation of time allocated to diverse, irregular duties (like patient monitoring, rounds, and drug administration) - Ideal for studying varied activities over extended periods *Critical Path Method* - This technique is used primarily in **project management** to schedule and manage dependencies between activities in complex projects - It focuses on identifying the **critical path**, which is the longest sequence of dependent activities determining the minimum total time required for project completion - Not suitable for analyzing time distribution across multiple unrelated nursing activities *System Analysis* - This involves studying an organizational system (inputs, processes, outputs) to identify problems or propose solutions for general system improvement or efficiency - It is a broad approach focused on the *function* and *structure* of the organization rather than the precise **quantitative measurement** of time allocation across staff members' tasks - Does not provide the specific time-proportion data needed in this scenario *Time and Motion Study* - This involves continuous, detailed observation and measurement of specific, repetitive, short tasks to optimize work *methods* and establish **standard performance times** - It would be too invasive, resource-intensive, and less practical for measuring the varied, irregular, and often non-repetitive activities of nursing staff over a lengthy study period - Better suited for standardized, repetitive tasks in industrial settings

Question 216: School health service should include all the following except

A. Doctor on premises (Correct Answer)
B. Dental and eye health services
C. School health records
D. Education of handicapped children

Explanation: ***Doctor on premises***- A full-time, dedicated **doctor** is generally not considered an essential or standard component of basic school health services, which are typically managed by a **school health nurse** or auxiliary personnel.- School health services focus on periodic **health screening**, first aid, and referral services, rather than requiring an immediate physician presence for routine needs.*Education of handicapped children*- This falls under the necessary provision of **health promotion** and specialized services to ensure **inclusive education** for all students.- School health services must coordinate resources and adaptive support to facilitate the educational outcomes of children with **special needs**.*Dental and eye health services*- These are crucial components of **health screening** and early detection efforts required in school health services.- Identifying and referring issues like **dental caries** and **visual impairments** prevents academic hindrance and long-term morbidity.*School health records*- Maintaining comprehensive **cumulative health records** is paramount for monitoring the health status of students and ensuring continuity of care throughout their schooling.- These records are essential for tracking **immunization status**, screening results, and medical history, which is critical during emergencies.

Question 217: Which of the following is used to measure the degree of objective and target achievement, and assess the quality of results obtained in a health program?

A. Monitoring
B. Surveillance
C. Evaluation (Correct Answer)
D. Planning

Explanation: ***Evaluation*** - **Evaluation** is the specific process used to measure the degree of **objective and target achievement** and assess the **quality and impact** of results obtained in a health program. - It determines the overall **worth and effectiveness** of the program and typically occurs at the end or specific phases to inform future policy. - Evaluation answers: *"Did we achieve what we set out to do, and what was the quality of those results?"* *Monitoring* - **Monitoring** is the periodic oversight of ongoing activities to check if they are proceeding according to schedule and resource utilization (efficiency). - It tracks the **input, process, and output** (activities completed) rather than assessing the final effectiveness or the quality of results (program impact). - Monitoring answers: *"Are activities happening as planned?"* *Surveillance* - **Surveillance** is the continuous, systematic collection and analysis of data, primarily used for **tracking disease trends** and providing early warning. - Its focus is on monitoring health events (e.g., incidence/prevalence), not assessing overall program performance against predefined final objectives. - Surveillance answers: *"What is happening in terms of disease occurrence?"* *Planning* - **Planning** is the initial stage involving defining goals, establishing strategies, and allocating resources, occurring *before* program implementation. - It sets the foundation but does not involve measuring the achievement of targets after the program has run. - Planning answers: *"What do we want to achieve and how?"*

Question 218: Identify the programme symbol as given in the image:

A. NUHM
B. ICDS (Correct Answer)
C. NRHM
D. IDSP

Explanation: ***Correct: ICDS (Integrated Child Development Services)*** - The image depicts the official logo of the **Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)** program - The three interlocking figures symbolize the comprehensive, integrated approach towards the welfare of **children, mothers, and the community** - The ICDS logo emphasizes the **holistic development** of children, covering aspects like health, nutrition, and early childhood education *Incorrect: NUHM (National Urban Health Mission)* - NUHM focuses on providing **primary health care** to the urban poor - Its logo and visual identity are distinct and do not match the image provided *Incorrect: NRHM (National Rural Health Mission)* - NRHM aims to provide accessible, affordable, and quality health care to the **rural population** - This program's logo is different, typically featuring elements related to rural health and community engagement *Incorrect: IDSP (Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme)* - IDSP focuses on **early warning signals** of outbreaks and rapid response to contain them - Its logo is generally designed to convey concepts of surveillance, monitoring, and disease control, not represented by the interlocking figures in the image

Question 219: Identify the programme depicted by symbol as given in the image: (Recent NEET Pattern 2016-17)

A. NPCB
B. NVBDCP (Correct Answer)
C. RCH
D. ICDS

Explanation: **NVBDCP** - The image depicts a family with a child, surrounded by a protective arc, which is the official logo for the **National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP)**. - This programme focuses on controlling vector-borne diseases that affect families and communities, reflecting the protective and public health aspect of the logo. *NPCB* - NPCB stands for the **National Programme for Control of Blindness and Visual Impairment**, which has a distinct logo focused on eyes or vision-related imagery. - The logo in the question does not contain any visual elements related to eyes or vision. *RCH* - RCH stands for **Reproductive and Child Health Programme**, which usually focuses on maternal and child health, often symbolized by a mother and child figure. - While it involves children, the common RCH logos generally emphasize the mother and child in a specific context of reproduction and maternal care, not a general family as shown. *ICDS* - ICDS stands for **Integrated Child Development Services**, aiming at holistic development of young children, pregnant women, and lactating mothers. - Its logo typically features imagery reflecting child development, nutrition, and early childhood care, which is different from the protective family symbol shown.

Question 220: What is not true about the below given programme?

A. It is a state sponsored scheme (Correct Answer)
B. The blindness prevalence was 1.4 % when the scheme was launched
C. It comprises a 4 tier structure
D. It was launched in the year 1976

Explanation: ***It is a state sponsored scheme*** - The National Programme for Control of Blindness (NPCB) is a **centrally sponsored scheme**, not a state-sponsored scheme. - This means funding and policy direction come from the **central government**, with implementation support at the state level. - Since the question asks "What is not true", this is the **correct answer** as it is the false statement. *It was launched in the year 1976* - The NPCB was actually **launched in 1976**, making this statement true. - The program was initiated to address the high burden of preventable blindness in India. *The blindness prevalence was 1.4% when the scheme was launched* - At its inception in 1976, the estimated **prevalence of blindness** in India was approximately **1.4%**. - One of the primary goals of the NPCB was to reduce this high initial prevalence through cataract surgeries and other eye care interventions. *It comprises a 4 tier structure* - The NPCB operates through a **four-tier organizational structure**: national, state, district, and peripheral levels. - This hierarchical structure ensures effective implementation and delivery of eye care services nationwide.

Practice by Chapter

Health Administration Structures

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National Health Programs

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District Health System

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Community Health Centers

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Primary Health Centers

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Sub-Centers

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Public Health Legislation

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Health Information Systems

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Health Management Information System

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Health Workforce Planning

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Public Health Ethics

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Intersectoral Coordination

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