Public Health Administration Practice Questions

Q: Population covered by PHC in a tribal area:

20,000. ***20,000*** - In tribal, hilly, or difficult terrain areas, one **Primary Health Centre (PHC)** is established for every **20,000** people. - This reduced population coverage ensures better accessibility in challenging geographic areas with dispersed populations. - The question specifically asks for **tribal area**, making this the correct answer. *30,000* - In plains areas, a PHC typically covers a population of **30,000**. - This is the standard for areas with better connectivity and accessibility. - Not applicable for tribal areas. *50,000* - A population of 50,000 is typically covered by a **Community Health Centre (CHC)**, not a PHC, in plains areas. - CHCs offer a higher level of care, including specialist services. *40,000* - This figure does not correspond to the standard population coverage for a PHC in either plain or tribal areas. - It is neither the plains standard (30,000) nor the tribal/hilly standard (20,000).

Q: As per RCH, the community health centre is a:

First referral unit. ***First referral unit*** - As per **Reproductive and Child Health (RCH)** program and **Indian Public Health Standards (IPHS)**, a **Community Health Centre (CHC)** is officially designated as a **First Referral Unit (FRU)**. - It serves as the first point of referral for patients requiring specialist care from Primary Health Centres (PHCs). - CHCs provide **secondary-level care** with 4 specialist doctors (surgeon, obstetrician, physician, and pediatrician) and 30 indoor beds. - This is the **standard terminology** used in Indian public health system and NEET PG examinations. *Secondary referral unit* - While CHCs do provide secondary-level care in terms of service complexity, the official designation is **"First Referral Unit"** not "secondary referral unit." - The term "secondary" describes the level of care, but "First Referral Unit" describes its position in the referral chain. - Using imprecise terminology can cause confusion in competitive examinations. *Tertiary referral unit* - **Tertiary referral units** are district hospitals, medical colleges, and super-specialty hospitals that provide highly specialized care. - These facilities handle complex cases referred from CHCs. - CHCs do not provide tertiary-level super-specialized care. *Not a referral unit* - CHCs are explicitly designed as part of the referral system in India's three-tier healthcare structure. - They accept referrals from PHCs and sub-centers, and refer complex cases to tertiary facilities. - This option contradicts the fundamental function of CHCs in the healthcare delivery system.

Q: When was the National Mental Health Programme (NMHP) started in India?

1982. ***1982*** - The **National Mental Health Programme (NMHP)** was launched in India in **1982**. - Its objective was to ensure the availability and accessibility of minimum mental healthcare for all. *1987* - This year is not recognized as the starting point for a major national mental health program in India. - While there may have been mental health initiatives, 1982 marks the official launch of the NMHP. *1995* - While subsequent amendments and enhancements to the NMHP occurred, 1995 was not the year of its inception. - The **District Mental Health Programme (DMHP)** was initiated as a pilot project in 1996, building on the NMHP. *1990* - This year did not mark the beginning of the national mental health program in India. - The initial framework and goals for mental healthcare were established earlier in the 1980s.

Q: A subcentre caters to a population of:

5000. ***5000*** - A subcentre is designed to cater to a population of **5000** in **plain areas**. - In **hilly, tribal, or difficult-to-access areas**, a subcentre typically covers a population of **3000**. *3000* - This population coverage is applicable for subcentres in **hilly, tribal, or desert areas**, not general populations. - For plain areas, the target population is higher. *7000* - This population figure is typically associated with a **Primary Health Centre (PHC)** in a plain area, not a subcentre. - A subcentre is the most peripheral and first contact point between the primary healthcare system and the community. *10,000* - This population figure is also associated with a **Primary Health Centre (PHC)** in **hilly, tribal, or difficult areas**. - Subcentres serve a smaller, more localized population.

Q: Which of the following is recognized as the apex national institute of ophthalmology in India?

Dr. R P Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, AIIMS, New Delhi. ***Dr. R P Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, AIIMS, New Delhi*** - Dr. R P Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences at AIIMS, New Delhi, is widely recognized as the **apex national institute for ophthalmology in India**, leading in patient care, research, and education. - Its status is attributed to its comprehensive facilities, advanced research, and significant contributions to **ophthalmic training and healthcare policy** at a national level. *Shankara Netralaya, Chennai* - Though a highly reputed and large-scale eye hospital, Sankara Nethralaya is a **private, not-for-profit institution** and does not hold the official "apex national institute" designation. - It is renowned for its clinical excellence and research but primarily operates as a **tertiary care center** rather than a national apex body. *Advanced Eye Care, PGIMER, Chandigarh* - The Advanced Eye Centre at PGIMER, Chandigarh, is a prominent **regional institute** and a center of excellence in ophthalmology in North India. - While it provides high-quality care and education, it is not designated as the **national apex body** for ophthalmology across India. *Regional Institute of Ophthalmology (RIO)* - There are several Regional Institutes of Ophthalmology (RIOs) located across different states in India, established to provide **specialized eye care** and training within their respective regions. - Each RIO serves as a **regional hub**, but no single RIO represents the overall national apex institution for ophthalmology in India.

Q: In RNTCP, one Tuberculosis Unit covers how much population?

500000. ***500000*** - In the context of the **Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP)** in India (now known as **National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme - NTEP** since 2020), one **Tuberculosis Unit (TU)** is designed to cover a population of approximately **500,000** individuals in plain areas and 250,000 in difficult terrains. - This population coverage ensures that diagnosis and treatment services for tuberculosis are accessible and effectively managed within a defined geographical area. *400000* - This value is less than the standard population covered by a single **Tuberculosis Unit (TU)** under the **RNTCP** guidelines for plain areas. - While exact coverage can vary slightly in specific contexts, 400,000 is not the benchmark figure for plain areas. *600000* - This figure is higher than the typical population covered by one **Tuberculosis Unit (TU)** in plain areas as per **RNTCP** norms. - Over-coverage could potentially strain resources and affect the quality of services provided within that unit. *200000* - This figure is lower than the standard population covered by a **Tuberculosis Unit (TU)** in plain areas and is typically closer to the coverage for **difficult or tribal geographical areas** (which is usually 250,000). - Such low coverage in plain areas would imply an inefficient allocation of resources if not justified by specific topographical or demographic challenges.

Q: Which of the following tasks is not directly performed by a female multipurpose health worker (FHW)?

Malaria surveillance. ***Malaria surveillance*** - **Malaria surveillance** is primarily performed by a **male multipurpose health worker (MPHW)** or specific malaria program staff. - While FHWs report general health data, **active malaria surveillance activities** like collecting blood smears for diagnosis are typically not their direct responsibility. *Distribute condoms* - Female health workers are actively involved in promoting family planning and the **distribution of contraceptives**, including **condoms**, within the community. - This helps in preventing unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections. *Birth death statistics* - FHWs are responsible for collecting vital health statistics, including reporting **births and deaths**, within their assigned area. - This data is crucial for public health planning and monitoring. *Immunisation of mothers* - A key role of FHWs is to provide and assist with **immunization services** for mothers, such as **tetanus toxoid (TT) vaccinations** during pregnancy. - This protects both the mother and the newborn from preventable diseases.

Q: Most peripheral unit for planning of family planning and other services under RCH program is

Sub-centre. ***Sub-centre*** - The **Sub-centre** is the most peripheral and first contact point between the primary healthcare system and the community. - It serves a population of 3,000-5,000 people and is responsible for delivering basic health services, including **family planning** and **RCH (Reproductive and Child Health) services**, directly to the community. *PHC* - A **Primary Health Centre (PHC)** is a more central facility, serving a larger population (20,000-30,000) and acting as a referral unit for 6 sub-centres. - While PHCs provide comprehensive primary care, the **planning and direct delivery** at the grassroots level occur at the Sub-centre. *District* - The **District level** involves overarching planning, supervision, and resource allocation for health services within the entire district. - It is not the most peripheral unit for direct service delivery or planning with the community. *Block/Taluka* - The **Block/Taluka level** often corresponds to a Community Health Centre (CHC) or block-level administrative health office. - These facilities supervise PHCs and manage health programs for a larger administrative block, but are not the immediate point of contact for service planning with the community.

Q: According to PCPNDT Act, 1994, what is the punishment for a doctor found guilty of sex determination for the first offense?

3 years. ***3 years*** - The **PCPNDT Act, 1994** (Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act) specifies imprisonment of up to **3 years** for a first-time offense of sex determination. - This is paired with a fine of up to **₹10,000**, and the registration of the medical practitioner is also suspended for a period of **five years** for the first offense. - The Act aims to prevent female feticide and maintain the **sex ratio**. *5 years* - An imprisonment term of **5 years** applies for **subsequent offenses** after conviction for the first offense. - The registration can be permanently cancelled for repeat offenders. *2 years* - This duration is **not specified** in the PCPNDT Act as a punishment for sex determination. - Neither imprisonment nor suspension of registration for 2 years is mentioned in the Act for this offense. *1 year* - A 1-year imprisonment is not specified under the PCPNDT Act for sex determination. - The Act intends to impose stringent penalties (up to 3 years for first offense, up to 5 years for subsequent offense) to deter such practices.

Q: Which of the following diseases is primarily monitored under the Integrated Disease Surveillance Program (IDSP)?

Malaria. ***Malaria*** - Malaria is a significant public health concern with high incidence and mortality, making its surveillance crucial for **disease control and elimination efforts**. - The IDSP aims for early detection and rapid response to **outbreaks of communicable diseases**, including vector-borne diseases like malaria. *Tuberculosis* - While a major public health issue, **tuberculosis (TB)** is primarily monitored under the **National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP)**, which has a dedicated and extensive surveillance system. - The NTEP focuses on active case finding, treatment, and prevention of TB through a specific, robust framework separate from the IDSP's general surveillance. *HIV* - **HIV/AIDS** surveillance is conducted under the **National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO)**, which has a specialized program for monitoring prevalence, incidence, and risk behaviors. - NACO's surveillance includes sentinel surveillance among specific populations and programmatic data collection, distinct from the IDSP's generalized infectious disease monitoring. *Diabetes* - **Diabetes** is a **non-communicable disease** and is not primarily monitored under the IDSP, which focuses on infectious disease outbreaks. - Surveillance for non-communicable diseases like diabetes typically falls under programs dedicated to non-communicable disease prevention and control, focusing on prevalence and risk factors.

Question 1

Population covered by PHC in a tribal area:

Accepted Answer

20,000

Answer

50,000

Answer

40,000

Answer

30,000

Question 2

As per RCH, the community health centre is a:

Accepted Answer

First referral unit

Answer

Secondary referral unit

Answer

Tertiary referral unit

Answer

Not a referral unit

Question 3

When was the National Mental Health Programme (NMHP) started in India?

Accepted Answer

1982

Answer

1987

Answer

1995

Answer

1990

Question 4

A subcentre caters to a population of:

Accepted Answer

5000

Answer

3000

Answer

7000

Answer

10,000

Question 5

Which of the following is recognized as the apex national institute of ophthalmology in India?

Accepted Answer

Dr. R P Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, AIIMS, New Delhi

Answer

Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai

Answer

Advanced Eye Care, PGIMER, Chandigarh

Answer

Regional Institute of Ophthalmology (RIO)

Question 6

In RNTCP, one Tuberculosis Unit covers how much population?

Accepted Answer

500000

Answer

400000

Answer

600000

Answer

200000

Question 7

Which of the following tasks is not directly performed by a female multipurpose health worker (FHW)?

Accepted Answer

Malaria surveillance

Answer

Distribute condoms

Answer

Birth death statistics

Answer

Immunisation of mothers

Question 8

Most peripheral unit for planning of family planning and other services under RCH program is

Accepted Answer

Sub-centre

Answer

PHC

Answer

District

Answer

Block/ Taluka

Question 9

According to PCPNDT Act, 1994, what is the punishment for a doctor found guilty of sex determination for the first offense?

Accepted Answer

3 years

Answer

5 years

Answer

2 years

Answer

1 year

Question 10

Which of the following diseases is primarily monitored under the Integrated Disease Surveillance Program (IDSP)?

Accepted Answer

Malaria

Answer

Tuberculosis

Answer

HIV

Answer

Diabetes

Public Health Administration — MCQs

Public Health Administration — MCQs

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