Public Health Administration Practice Questions

Q: When an outcome is compared with intended objectives, it is called as -

Evaluation. ***Evaluation*** - **Evaluation** is a systematic process of comparing actual outcomes against predefined objectives to assess their effectiveness, efficiency, and impact. - It involves making judgments about the **worth** or **significance** of a program, project, or policy. *Network analysis* - **Network analysis** is a technique used to understand the relationships and connections within a system, often focusing on communication or collaboration. - It does not primarily involve comparing outcomes to objectives but rather mapping and measuring interactions between entities. *Input-output analysis* - **Input-output analysis** is an economic technique that studies the interdependence between different sectors of an economy by tracing inputs and outputs. - It is concerned with resource allocation and production linkages, not the comparison of outcomes to explicit objectives. *Monitoring* - **Monitoring** involves the continuous tracking of activities and progress against plans to ensure things are on track. - While it collects data on actual performance, its primary purpose is to observe and report as events unfold, not to make judgments about overall success against original goals.

Q: National Tuberculosis Institute is situated at?

Bengaluru. ***Bengaluru*** - The **National Tuberculosis Institute (NTI)** is located in **Bengaluru**, Karnataka, India. - It plays a crucial role in tuberculosis research, training, and program implementation in India. *Delhi* - While Delhi is a major metropolitan city with various health organizations, the **NTI** is not situated there. - Key institutions in Delhi include the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (**AIIMS**) and the National Centre for Disease Control (**NCDC**). *Mumbai* - Mumbai is another significant urban center in India, but it is not the location of the **NTI**. - Mumbai is known for institutions like the Haffkine Institute and Tata Memorial Hospital. *Kolkata* - Kolkata, a prominent city in Eastern India, does not host the **National Tuberculosis Institute**. - Important medical institutions in Kolkata include the IPGMER and SSKM Hospital.

Q: Population norm for Health Assistants in tribal areas:

1/20000. ***1/20000*** - For **Health Assistants** in **tribal areas**, the recommended population norm is **1 per 20,000 population**. - This norm accounts for the typically *sparser population density* and *geographical challenges* in tribal regions, requiring a different staffing pattern compared to plain/rural areas. *1/5000* - This norm is not a standard population norm for Health Assistants in tribal areas. - It represents a much higher density of health workers than typically allocated for tribal populations. *1/10000* - This norm is the standard for **Health Assistants** in **plain/rural areas**, not tribal areas. - It reflects better accessibility and higher population density in non-tribal regions, requiring more health workers per capita. *1/30000* - This population norm is too low for Health Assistants in tribal areas, suggesting an insufficient number of health workers to adequately serve the population. - Such a low ratio would severely compromise primary healthcare access and delivery in already underserved tribal regions.

Q: Under the national TB programme, for a PHC to be called a PHC-R, requisite is -

Microscopy. ***Microscopy*** - Under the National TB Elimination Programme (NTEP), **PHC-R (Primary Health Center - Revised)** serves as a **Designated Microscopy Center (DMC)**. - The requisite for PHC-R designation is the presence of **sputum microscopy facilities** with a trained laboratory technician for TB diagnosis. - Microscopy remains the cornerstone for bacteriological confirmation of pulmonary TB at the PHC level. *Microscopy plus radiology* - While radiology (chest X-ray) aids in TB diagnosis, it is **not mandatory** for PHC-R designation under NTEP. - The defining criterion for PHC-R is microscopy capability alone, not combined facilities. - Radiology is typically available at higher-level facilities like Community Health Centers or District Hospitals. *Radiology* - Radiology alone without microscopy does **not qualify** a PHC for PHC-R status. - Though useful for diagnosing pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB, chest X-ray is not the primary requisite for DMC designation. - NTEP guidelines specifically require microscopy as the essential diagnostic tool at PHC-R level. *None of the above* - This is incorrect because **microscopy is indeed the mandatory requisite** for a PHC to be designated as PHC-R under the National TB Elimination Programme.

Q: According to Vision 2020 initiative, the target ratio of ophthalmic personnel to population is –

1:50,000. ***1:50,000*** - Vision 2020 aims for a ratio of **one ophthalmic personnel per 50,000 population** to ensure adequate eye care services worldwide. - This target specifically refers to the broader category of eye care workers and helps guide the development of eye care programs and resource allocation to prevent and treat blindness. - Note: The target for ophthalmologists specifically is different (1:100,000), but this question refers to the general ophthalmic personnel ratio. *1:5,000* - A ratio of 1:5,000 would represent a significantly **higher density** of eye care professionals than the Vision 2020 goal. - While this would indicate excellent eye care coverage, it is **not the established target** set by Vision 2020. *1:10,000* - A ratio of 1:10,000, while better than many current situations, is still **more ambitious** than the Vision 2020 target. - This ratio does not align with the specific **Vision 2020 goal** for ophthalmic service delivery. *1:100,000 (1 lac)* - A ratio of 1:100,000 would indicate a significantly **lower density** of eye care professionals. - This is actually the Vision 2020 target for **ophthalmologists specifically**, not the broader category of ophthalmic personnel. - For general ophthalmic personnel, this ratio would fall short of the target.

Q: Health guide works at the level of

Village. ***Village*** - Health guides are **community-level health workers** who serve as a crucial link between health services and the rural population. - Their primary role is to provide **basic health education** and facilitate access to healthcare at the local, village level. *CHC* - **Community Health Centers** (CHCs) serve a larger population (80,000 to 1.2 lakh people) and offer specialized services including surgery, obstetrics, and pediatrics. - They are typically managed by a team of doctors and specialists, placing them at a higher tier than the village level. *Sub-centre* - **Sub-centres** are the most peripheral and first contact point between the primary healthcare system and the community, usually catering to a population of 3,000-5,000. - They are staffed by a Female Health Worker (ANM) and a Male Health Worker, and while they are close to villages, the health guide operates directly within the village. *PHC* - **Primary Health Centres** (PHCs) serve a larger area, typically covering 20,000-30,000 people, and manage 4-6 sub-centres. - They provide general medical care, maternal and child health services, and disease control programs, representing a higher administrative and service point than the village level.

Q: Community health center covers a population of:

80,000-1,20,000. ***80,000-1,20,000*** - A Community Health Center (CHC) typically serves a larger population, ranging from **80,000 to 120,000** individuals, focusing on providing comprehensive healthcare. - This larger population coverage allows for a broader reach of healthcare services, including specialist care and inpatient services, within a defined geographic area. *30,000-60,000* - This population range is generally too small for the scope and services typically offered by a **Community Health Center (CHC)**. - Such a population might be better served by a **Primary Health Center (PHC)**, which has a more limited scope of services. *60,000-80,000* - While closer, this range is still generally on the lower end for the optimal functioning and service provision of a **Community Health Center**. - CHCs are designed to serve a **larger demographic** to ensure efficient resource utilization for higher-level healthcare. *10,000-30,000* - This population size is characteristic of a **Primary Health Center (PHC)**, which provides basic primary care services. - A **Community Health Center (CHC)** provides a more extensive range of medical services to a significantly larger population.

Q: Under Primary Health Care, which of the following staff is present at the sub-centre level?

Multipurpose health worker. ***Multipurpose health worker*** - Subcenters, the most peripheral healthcare facilities, are typically staffed by **Multipurpose Health Workers (MPHWs)**, both male and female, to deliver basic health services. - MPHWs are responsible for a wide range of primary health activities including **maternal and child health**, family planning, immunization, and disease surveillance at the community level. *Medical officer* - **Medical officers** are typically found at the **Primary Health Centres (PHCs)**, which are a higher tier of healthcare facility than subcenters. - Their role involves supervising subcenters and providing **clinical care** that is beyond the scope of MPHWs. *Block extension educator* - **Block extension educators** work at the block level, usually associated with the **Community Health Centre (CHC)** or block-level health administration. - Their primary role involves **health education and awareness** programs, operating at a broader administrative level than the subcenter. *Health guides* - **Health guides** are community-level volunteers or workers, often chosen from within the community, to serve as a link between the healthcare system and the populace. - While they assist with health promotion, they are generally not considered the primary professional staff permanently stationed at a **subcenter**.

Q: The population covered by an ASHA is:

1000. ***1000*** - An **ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist)** typically covers a population of approximately **1000 individuals** in plain/general rural areas. - This ratio ensures that each ASHA worker can effectively provide primary healthcare services, health education, and link the community to health facilities. *2000* - This is not a standard population coverage norm for any specific health worker under NRHM. - ASHAs are designed to cover smaller, more manageable populations (1000) to ensure effective community-level engagement. *2500* - This is not aligned with standard NRHM norms for health worker coverage. - For reference, a **sub-center** covers **3000 population in plain areas** (or 5000 in hilly/tribal/difficult areas), not 2500. - ASHA's responsibility is at the village level with much smaller population coverage. *500* - In **tribal, hilly, or difficult terrain areas**, one ASHA may cover a smaller population of around **500-600** due to accessibility challenges. - In **general/plain areas**, the standard norm is 1000 population per ASHA. - Note: **Anganwadi Workers (AWW)** typically cover 400-800 population, which is a different cadre of worker.

Question 1

When an outcome is compared with intended objectives, it is called as -

Accepted Answer

Evaluation

Answer

Network analysis

Answer

Input-output analysis

Answer

Monitoring

Question 2

Ministry of AYUSH was formed in 2014 for the development of education and research in the field of:

Accepted Answer

All of the above systems (Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy, and Naturopathy)

Answer

Ayurveda and Yoga only

Answer

Siddha and Homeopathy only

Answer

Unani and Naturopathy only

Question 3

National Tuberculosis Institute is situated at?

Accepted Answer

Bengaluru

Answer

Delhi

Answer

Mumbai

Answer

Kolkata

Question 4

Population norm for Health Assistants in tribal areas:

Accepted Answer

1/20000

Answer

1/5000

Answer

1/10000

Answer

1/30000

Question 5

Under the national TB programme, for a PHC to be called a PHC-R, requisite is -

Accepted Answer

Microscopy

Answer

Microscopy plus radiology

Answer

Radiology

Answer

None of the above

Question 6

According to Vision 2020 initiative, the target ratio of ophthalmic personnel to population is –

Accepted Answer

1:50,000

Answer

1:5,000

Answer

1:10,000

Answer

1:100,000 (1 lac)

Question 7

Health guide works at the level of

Accepted Answer

Village

Answer

CHC

Answer

Sub-centre

Answer

PHC

Question 8

Community health center covers a population of:

Accepted Answer

80,000-1,20,000

Answer

30,000-60,000

Answer

60,000-80,000

Answer

10,000-30,000

Question 9

Under Primary Health Care, which of the following staff is present at the sub-centre level?

Accepted Answer

Multipurpose health worker

Answer

Medical officer

Answer

Block extension educator

Answer

Health guides

Question 10

The population covered by an ASHA is:

Accepted Answer

1000

Answer

2000

Answer

2500

Answer

500

Public Health Administration — MCQs

Public Health Administration — MCQs

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