Public Health Administration Practice Questions

Q: A systematic observation and recording of activities of one or more individuals at random intervals is done in –

Work sampling. ***Work sampling*** - **Work sampling**, also known as activity sampling, involves making a large number of instantaneous observations at random intervals over a period to estimate the proportion of time a person or machine spends on different activities. - This method is particularly useful for studying activities that are **irregular or non-repetitive**, providing a statistically valid estimate without continuous observation. *Input-output analysis* - **Input-output analysis** is an economic technique that describes the interdependencies between different sectors of an economy. - It focuses on how the output of one industry becomes the input for another, rather than observing individual activities. *System analysis* - **System analysis** is a problem-solving technique that breaks down a system into its component pieces to study how these parts interact and work together. - It is used for understanding and improving overall system function, not for random observation of individual activities. *Network analysis* - **Network analysis** involves studying the structure and flow within a network, such as social networks, computer networks, or project management networks. - It focuses on relationships and connections between entities, not on the random sampling of individual activities.

Q: All of the following are components of primary healthcare delivery system, except -

District Collector Office. ***District Collector Office*** ✓ - The **District Collector Office** is an administrative body responsible for revenue collection, law and order, and overall district administration. - It is **NOT a component of the primary healthcare delivery system** itself, making it the correct answer to this EXCEPT question. - While it may coordinate certain public health initiatives at the district level, it does not provide direct healthcare services. *Primary Health Centre (PHC)* - **Primary Health Centres (PHCs)** are essential facilities at the first level of contact between the community and a medical officer in the healthcare system. - They offer basic medical care, maternal and child health services, family planning, immunization, and public health programs. - PHCs are a core component of primary healthcare delivery. *Community Health Centre (CHC)* - **Community Health Centres (CHCs)** serve as referral centers for PHCs and provide secondary-level care with specialist services. - They offer extended medical services including specialist consultations, emergency obstetric care, and 24x7 services. - CHCs are an integral part of the three-tier primary healthcare system. *Sub-Centre* - **Sub-Centres** are the most peripheral and first point of contact between the primary healthcare system and the community. - Typically staffed by one Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANM) and one Male Health Worker, they serve a population of 3,000-5,000. - They provide basic health services including maternal and child health care, immunization, family planning, treatment of minor ailments, and health education.

Q: Community health centre covers a population of

80000. ***80000*** - A **Community Health Centre (CHC)** typically covers a population of **80,000 to 120,000** in normal areas, and 80,000 for hilly/tribal areas. - CHCs serve as a **referral center** for 4 Primary Health Centres (PHCs) and provide specialist services. *40000* - This population coverage is too small for a Community Health Centre. - A **Primary Health Centre (PHC)** is designed to cover a population of 30,000 in plain areas and 20,000 in hilly/tribal areas. *20000* - This population is too small for a Community Health Centre. - A **Sub-Centre** typically covers a population of 5,000 in plain areas and 3,000 in hilly/tribal areas. *60000* - While closer, this population is still below the recommended coverage for a Community Health Centre in plain areas. - The standard for a CHC is generally **80,000 to 120,000** in plain areas.

Q: Which one of the following is NOT a Voluntary Health Agency?

National Institute of Nutrition. ***National Institute of Nutrition*** - The **National Institute of Nutrition (NIN)** is a **government-funded research institute** and is therefore not classified as a voluntary health agency. - NIN is primarily involved in **nutrition research**, policy recommendations, and public health initiatives under the aegis of the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). *Ford Foundation* - The **Ford Foundation** is a global private foundation and, similar to voluntary health agencies, operates with a **philanthropic mission** to promote human welfare. - It provides **grants and support** to various organizations, including those focused on health and social development. *Indian Council for child Welfare* - The **Indian Council for Child Welfare (ICCW)** is a non-governmental organization dedicated to the **welfare of children** in India. - It is a **voluntary health agency** that works on programs related to child health, education, and protection. *Family planning Association of India* - The **Family Planning Association of India (FPAI)** is a well-known **voluntary health agency** that focuses on sexual and reproductive health. - It provides **family planning services**, education, and advocacy, operating on a non-profit and voluntary basis.

Q: One PHC covers how much population in hilly area?

20000. ***20000*** - In **hilly, tribal, or difficult areas**, one PHC is generally established for a population of **20,000**. - This lower population coverage is due to challenges in accessibility and the dispersed nature of communities in such regions. - As per **Indian Public Health Standards (IPHS)**, PHCs in difficult terrains serve smaller populations to ensure better healthcare access. *50000* - This figure does not correspond to standard PHC or CHC coverage norms. - A **Community Health Centre (CHC)** typically covers a population of **1,20,000** and serves as a referral unit for four PHCs. - CHCs provide specialist services including surgery, obstetrics & gynecology, pediatrics, and medicine. *10000* - This figure does not match the population coverage of any standard health facility under the Indian health system. - A **Sub-Centre** in hilly/tribal/difficult areas covers approximately **3,000 population**, while in plain areas it covers **5,000 population**. - Sub-Centres are the most peripheral contact point between the primary healthcare system and the community. *30000* - This figure represents the population covered by a Primary Health Centre (PHC) in **plain areas**. - The population coverage is higher in plain areas due to better infrastructure, road connectivity, and accessibility compared to hilly regions. - As per IPHS norms, PHCs in plains serve larger populations than those in difficult terrains.

Q: The concept of multipurpose workers was given by:

Kartar Singh committee. ***Kartar Singh committee*** - The **Kartar Singh Committee** (1973) recommended the concept of **multipurpose workers** (MPWs) for health care delivery. - This committee aimed to integrate various health programs and streamline health services by having a single health worker provide a range of services. *Srivastava committee* - The Srivastava Committee (1975) focused on the **medical education system** and suggested reforms for its restructuring. - It did not primarily deal with the concept of multipurpose health workers but rather with the training of medical professionals. *Mudaliar committee* - The Mudaliar Committee (1962), also known as the Health Survey and Planning Committee, reviewed the progress made in health since the Bhore Committee. - While it made recommendations on health infrastructure and services, it did not introduce the concept of multipurpose workers. *Mukherjee committee* - The Mukherjee Committee (1966) addressed issues related to the **basic health services** and the integration of various disease control programs. - While it proposed integrating staff from different programs, the specific term and comprehensive recommendation for "multipurpose workers" came from the Kartar Singh Committee.

Q: Which committee is responsible for making a plan for village health under NHM

Village Health Sanitation and Nutrition Committee. ***Village health sanitation and Nutrition committee*** - The **Village Health, Sanitation and Nutrition Committee (VHSNC)** is the designated body under the National Health Mission (NHM) responsible for local health planning and resource management at the village level. - Its primary role is to promote community participation, address **local health needs**, and facilitate the implementation of health and nutrition programs. *Village Health planning and management committee* - This is not the officially recognized or structured committee name under the **National Health Mission (NHM)** for village-level health planning. - While reflecting similar functions, the specific nomenclature and mandate belong to the **VHSNC**. *Panchayat Health Committee.* - While panchayats play a crucial role in local governance and health initiatives, the dedicated committee for health planning under NHM is the **VHSNC**, not a general "Panchayat Health Committee." - The **VHSNC** is specifically constituted for health, sanitation, and nutrition, often with broader representation than just the panchayat members. *Rogi kalyan samiti* - **Rogi Kalyan Samitis** (Patient Welfare Committees) primarily operate at the **facility level** (e.g., district hospitals, Community Health Centers) to improve basic amenities and services for patients. - They are not responsible for comprehensive **village-level health planning** as described in the question.

Q: In community health programs, a population of 1000 is typically covered by which healthcare worker?

ASHA worker. ***ASHA worker*** - An **ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist) worker** is the primary community health worker who covers a population of **1,000** in community health programs. - Under the **National Health Mission (NHM)**, one ASHA is appointed for every **1,000 population** in rural areas or per village. - Their roles include facilitating access to health services, health awareness, promoting institutional deliveries, immunization, and serving as a bridge between the community and the public health system. *Trained dai* - **Trained dais (Traditional Birth Attendants)** were historically used but this program has been largely discontinued. - The focus has shifted from home deliveries by dais to **institutional deliveries** assisted by skilled birth attendants. - While they may have covered populations in the past, they are not part of the current structured community health workforce. *ANM (Auxiliary Nurse Midwife)* - An **ANM** serves a **much larger population** of approximately **5,000** at the sub-center level. - They provide primary health services including maternal and child health, family planning, immunization, and basic curative care. - One ANM is typically posted at each sub-center. *AWW (Anganwadi Worker)* - An **AWW** covers a **smaller population** of approximately **400-800 in rural areas** and up to **1,000 in urban/tribal areas**. - They primarily focus on **early childhood care and development** through Anganwadi centers under the ICDS scheme. - Their functions include supplementary nutrition, preschool education, and health and nutrition education for women and children.

Q: The health promotional phase in public health is between the years:

1981-2000. ***1981-2000*** - This period is known as the **health promotional phase** or the **social engineering phase**, emphasizing **lifestyle improvements** and **behavioral changes** for better health outcomes. - Key focus areas included addressing **chronic diseases** and promoting **wellness** through public health initiatives. *1880-1920* - This era is often referred to as the **disease control phase**, focusing primarily on **sanitation**, **hygiene**, and controlling **infectious diseases**. - The implementation of cleaner water and improved waste disposal were major hallmarks. *1920-1960* - This period is recognized as the **health education phase**, where the emphasis shifted to informing the public about **health risks** and **preventive measures**. - Efforts were made to educate individuals on practices like handwashing and proper nutrition to prevent illness. *1960-1980* - This phase is typically characterized by the **medical care expansion** or **curative phase**, with a significant focus on developing **medical technologies**, **hospitals**, and therapeutic interventions. - The emphasis was more on treating illness rather than preventing it through broader lifestyle changes.

Q: Specialists who should be available at a community health center include, inter alia, those in -

Obstetrics and Gynecology. ***Obstetrics and Gynecology*** - As per **Indian Public Health Standards (IPHS)**, CHCs must have specialists in four disciplines: Surgery, Medicine, Obstetrics & Gynecology, and Pediatrics. - OB/GYN specialists provide essential **maternal health services**, **antenatal care**, **delivery services**, and **gynecological care** at the community level. - **All four basic specialties are mandatory** at CHCs, but if selecting one based on the question's maternal and child health focus, OB/GYN aligns with the topic emphasis. *Dermatology and venereology* - **NOT a mandatory specialist** position at Community Health Centers as per IPHS norms. - Dermatological and STI services are typically provided by **general physicians** or through **referral** to higher centers. - This is the only option among the four that is NOT a basic mandatory specialty at CHCs. *Pediatrics* - **Mandatory specialist** at all CHCs as per IPHS guidelines. - Pediatricians provide essential **child health services**, **immunization oversight**, and management of childhood illnesses. - This is one of the **four basic specialties** required at every CHC (Surgery, Medicine, OB/GYN, Pediatrics). *Surgery* - **Mandatory specialist** at all CHCs as per IPHS guidelines. - Surgeons handle **emergency surgical care**, **minor procedures**, and **basic operative interventions** at the community level. - CHCs are equipped with **operation theaters** and basic surgical facilities, making surgical specialists essential.

Question 1

A systematic observation and recording of activities of one or more individuals at random intervals is done in –

Accepted Answer

Work sampling

Answer

Input-output analysis

Answer

System analysis

Answer

Network analysis

Question 2

All of the following are components of primary healthcare delivery system, except -

Accepted Answer

District Collector Office

Answer

Primary Health Centre (PHC)

Answer

Community Health Centre (CHC)

Answer

Sub-Centre

Question 3

Community health centre covers a population of

Accepted Answer

80000

Answer

40000

Answer

20000

Answer

60000

Question 4

Which one of the following is NOT a Voluntary Health Agency?

Accepted Answer

National Institute of Nutrition

Answer

Ford Foundation

Answer

Indian Council for Child Welfare

Answer

Family Planning Association of India

Question 5

One PHC covers how much population in hilly area?

Accepted Answer

20000

Answer

50000

Answer

10000

Answer

30000

Question 6

The concept of multipurpose workers was given by:

Accepted Answer

Kartar Singh committee

Answer

Srivastava committee

Answer

Mudaliar committee

Answer

Mukherjee committee

Question 7

Which committee is responsible for making a plan for village health under NHM

Accepted Answer

Village Health Sanitation and Nutrition Committee

Answer

Village Health planning and management committee

Answer

Rogi kalyan samiti

Answer

Panchayat Health Committee

Question 8

In community health programs, a population of 1000 is typically covered by which healthcare worker?

Accepted Answer

ASHA worker

Answer

ANM (Auxiliary Nurse Midwife)

Answer

AWW (Anganwadi Worker)

Answer

Trained dai

Question 9

The health promotional phase in public health is between
the years:

Accepted Answer

1981-2000

Answer

1880-1920

Answer

1920-1960

Answer

1960-1980

Question 10

Specialists who should be available at a community health center include, inter alia, those in -

Accepted Answer

Obstetrics and Gynecology

Answer

Dermatology and venereology

Answer

Pediatrics

Answer

Surgery

Public Health Administration — MCQs

Public Health Administration — MCQs

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