National Program for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, CVD, and Stroke — MCQs

10 questions

The Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) is a safe motherhood intervention primarily associated with which of the following programs?

Which of the following screening methods is primarily used under the National Tuberculosis Elimination Program (NTEP)?

Which of the following statements about the DOTS treatment for tuberculosis is correct?

To reduce mortality by CHD, best strategy -

According to the National Health Policy, primary urban health centers should be designated for a population of:

Which of the following procedures is not typically covered by the National Programme for Control of Blindness (NPCB) for reimbursement of surgery done by a non-governmental organization (NGO) eye hospital?

True about Cardiovascular disease (CVD)

National Cancer Awareness Day is celebrated on:

According to WHO Global Action Plan for prevention and control of Non-communicable Diseases 2013-2020, targeted reduction in prevalence of raised blood pressure is :

Q10

National Cancer Control Programme (NCCP) in India was launched in

National Program for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, CVD, and Stroke Indian Medical PG Practice Questions and MCQs

Question 1: The Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) is a safe motherhood intervention primarily associated with which of the following programs?

A. Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) (Correct Answer)
B. Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI)
C. National Rural Health Mission (NRHM)
D. Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)

Explanation: ***Reproductive and Child Health (RCH)*** - The Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) is a safe motherhood intervention under the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM). - Its primary objective is to reduce **maternal and infant mortality** by promoting institutional delivery and improving access to RCH services. *Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI)* - IMCI is a strategy focused on improving the health and well-being of children under five, especially in managing common childhood illnesses. - While JSY aims to reduce infant mortality, IMCI is a broader program addressing a range of **childhood diseases**, not just those related to birth. *National Rural Health Mission (NRHM)* - NRHM is a large-scale program launched to provide accessible, affordable, and accountable healthcare in rural areas. - **JSY is an important component** of NRHM, specifically focusing on safe motherhood, but NRHM itself has a much broader scope. *Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)* - ICDS is a comprehensive program designed to improve the nutritional and health status of children aged 0-6 years and pregnant/nursing mothers. - While it addresses maternal and child health, its primary focus is on **nutrition, health, and early childhood education**, rather than solely promoting institutional deliveries and reducing maternal mortality as JSY does.

Question 2: Which of the following screening methods is primarily used under the National Tuberculosis Elimination Program (NTEP)?

A. Active
B. Passive (Correct Answer)
C. Mass
D. None of the options

Explanation: ***Passive*** - Under the NTEP, **passive screening** involves individuals presenting to health facilities with symptoms suggestive of TB. - This method relies on **patient self-reporting** and healthcare provider suspicion, rather than active outreach. - Passive case finding is the **primary screening strategy** used across the general population in the NTEP framework. *Active* - **Active screening** involves community-based interventions to proactively identify individuals with TB, often in high-risk populations. - While active case finding is crucial for specific vulnerable groups (contacts, HIV patients, etc.), it is **not the primary screening method** under the standard NTEP framework for initial detection across the entire population. *Mass* - **Mass screening** involves testing large numbers of people in the general population, regardless of symptoms, to detect disease. - This is generally **cost-prohibitive** and not routinely implemented as a primary screening strategy for TB by the NTEP due to resource limitations and low yield in the general population. *None of the options* - **Passive screening** is indeed a primary method used under the NTEP, making this option incorrect. - The NTEP heavily relies on individuals seeking care when they experience symptoms, which aligns with the definition of passive case finding.

Question 3: Which of the following statements about the DOTS treatment for tuberculosis is correct?

A. Case finding 80%, cure rate 85%
B. Case finding 80%, cure rate 80%
C. Case finding 70%, cure rate 75%
D. Case finding 70%, cure rate 85% (Correct Answer)

Explanation: ***Case finding 70%, cure rate 85%*** - The **DOTS strategy** set a global target of detecting at least **70% of new sputum smear-positive TB cases** and curing at least **85% of these cases**. - Achieving these targets was considered crucial for controlling the spread of **tuberculosis** at a population level. *Case finding 80%, cure rate 85%* - While a **cure rate of 85%** is a key target of the DOTS strategy, the **case finding target was not 80%**. - Setting a higher case finding target might be desirable, but the **established goal** for DOTS was slightly lower to be more achievable. *Case finding 80%, cure rate 80%* - Neither the **case finding target nor the cure rate target** for DOTS was 80%. - The **cure rate target** was specifically emphasized as being higher to ensure effective treatment outcomes and prevent drug resistance. *Case finding 70%, cure rate 75%* - While **case finding 70%** aligns with the DOTS target, the **cure rate target was higher than 75%**. - A lower cure rate would indicate less effective treatment management, potentially leading to **treatment failures** and the emergence of **multidrug-resistant TB**.

Question 4: To reduce mortality by CHD, best strategy -

A. Secondary prevention
B. Primordial prevention (Correct Answer)
C. Tertiary prevention
D. None of the options

Explanation: ***Primordial prevention*** * This strategy aims to prevent the **development of risk factors** for CHD in the first place, thus preventing the disease itself. * It focuses on promoting healthy lifestyles and environments from early life, targeting populations rather than individuals. *Secondary prevention* * This involves actions taken after an individual has developed **risk factors** for CHD or has been diagnosed with the disease, to prevent recurrence or worsening. * Examples include medication (e.g., statins, antiplatelets) for people with high cholesterol or a history of heart attack. *Tertiary prevention* * This strategy aims to reduce the **impact of an existing disease** on a patient's daily life and prevent further complications, disability, or death. * For CHD, this would include cardiac rehabilitation, surgical interventions like CABG, and managing co-morbidities to improve quality of life and prolong survival. *None of the options* * Given that primordial prevention directly addresses the prevention of risk factors and thus the disease itself, it is the most effective strategy for **reducing overall mortality** at the population level. * Therefore, one of the provided options is indeed the best strategy.

Question 5: According to the National Health Policy, primary urban health centers should be designated for a population of:

A. 30,000 people
B. 50,000 people (Correct Answer)
C. 10,000 people
D. 1,000,000 people

Explanation: **50,000 people** - According to the **National Health Policy (NHP)**, specifically in the context of urban healthcare planning, a **primary urban health center (PUHC)** is designed to cater to a population of approximately **50,000 individuals**. - This population norm ensures adequate access to basic health services for urban populations, considering the higher population density and varied health needs in urban settings compared to rural areas. *30,000 people* - This population norm is typically associated with a **Primary Health Centre (PHC)** in **plain areas** according to the NHP for **rural populations**. - Urban health centers are designed for a larger population base due to differences in population density and healthcare infrastructure. *10,000 people* - This figure more closely aligns with the population norm for a **Sub-Centre** in plain areas, which is the most peripheral and first contact point between the primary healthcare system and the community. - A primary urban health center serves a significantly larger population than a sub-centre. *1,000,000 people* - A population of **one million people** would require a much larger health infrastructure, typically involving multiple hospitals, specialized centers, and a network of primary and secondary care facilities, rather than a single primary urban health center. - This figure is far too large for the designated population coverage of a primary urban health center.

Question 6: Which of the following procedures is not typically covered by the National Programme for Control of Blindness (NPCB) for reimbursement of surgery done by a non-governmental organization (NGO) eye hospital?

A. Cataract surgery
B. Pan retinal photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy
C. Syringing and probing of the nasolacrimal duct (Correct Answer)
D. Trabeculectomy surgery

Explanation: ***Syringing and probing of the nasolacrimal duct*** - While important for lacrimal drainage issues, procedures like **syringing and probing** are generally considered minor and less vision-restoring compared to the major surgeries targeted by the **NPCB**. - The **NPCB** focuses on interventions for leading causes of blindness, primarily **cataract** and other significant vision-threatening conditions, which this procedure typically isn't. *Cataract surgery* - **Cataract surgery** is a cornerstone of the **NPCB's** efforts, as cataracts are the leading cause of reversible blindness. - Reimbursement for **cataract surgery** is a primary objective to improve access and reduce the burden of blindness. *Pan retinal photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy* - **Diabetic retinopathy** is a major cause of preventable blindness, and **pan retinal photocoagulation (PRP)** is a key intervention to preserve vision. - The **NPCB** includes procedures for **diabetic retinopathy** management due to its significant public health impact. *Trabeculectomy surgery* - **Trabeculectomy** is a surgical procedure for **glaucoma**, which is another significant cause of irreversible blindness. - The **NPCB** includes interventions for **glaucoma** given its severe vision-threatening nature and the need for surgical management in many cases.

Question 7: True about Cardiovascular disease (CVD)

A. Coronary heart disease causes 25% of total deaths
B. Urban and rural areas have equal incidence
C. Primordial prevention is best strategy (Correct Answer)
D. RHD is the most common cause of CVD

Explanation: ***Primordial prevention is best strategy*** - **Primordial prevention** aims to prevent the development of risk factors for CVD in the first place, often starting in childhood. - This strategy targets entire populations with public health initiatives to promote healthy lifestyles and environments, making it the most effective long-term approach to reduce CVD burden. *Coronary heart disease causes 25% of total deaths* - **Coronary heart disease (CHD)** accounts for approximately 16-17% of all deaths globally, not 25%. - While CHD is a leading cause of death, stating it causes 25% of total deaths is an overestimation. *RHD is the most common cause of CVD* - **Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD)** is an important cause of cardiovascular disease in developing countries including India. - However, **ischemic heart disease** (coronary artery disease) and **hypertension** are the most common causes of CVD globally and in India, not RHD. *Urban and rural areas have equal incidence* - The incidence of cardiovascular disease differs significantly between **urban and rural areas**. - Urban areas typically have higher CVD incidence due to lifestyle factors (sedentary behavior, unhealthy diet, stress), though rural rates are increasing due to epidemiological transition.

Question 8: National Cancer Awareness Day is celebrated on:

A. 31st November
B. 7th November (Correct Answer)
C. 31st May
D. 7th May

Explanation: ***7th November*** - **National Cancer Awareness Day** in India is observed annually on **November 7th** to raise awareness about cancer symptoms, prevention, and early detection. - This date marks the birth anniversary of **Madame Marie Curie**, whose pioneering work in radioactivity significantly contributed to cancer treatment. *31st November* - **November has only 30 days**, making "31st November" an invalid date. - This date is not recognized for any significant health awareness campaign related to cancer. *31st May* - **May 31st** is recognized globally as **World No Tobacco Day**, an initiative by the World Health Organization (WHO) to highlight the health risks of tobacco. - While tobacco use is a major cause of cancer, this day is not specifically designated as National Cancer Awareness Day. *7th May* - **May 7th** does not hold specific recognition as **National Cancer Awareness Day** in India. - While there are various cancer awareness initiatives throughout the year, this particular date is not associated with this specific observance.

Question 9: According to WHO Global Action Plan for prevention and control of Non-communicable Diseases 2013-2020, targeted reduction in prevalence of raised blood pressure is :

A. 25% (Correct Answer)
B. 33%
C. 10%
D. 50%

Explanation: ***25%*** - The **WHO Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases 2013-2020** set a target to reduce the prevalence of **raised blood pressure** (hypertension) by 25%. - This target is one of the nine global NCD targets aimed at curbing the NCD epidemic by 2025. *33%* - A 33% reduction is not a specific target for raised blood pressure in the WHO Global Action Plan for NCDs. - While significant reductions are sought across various NCD risk factors, this exact percentage isn't linked to hypertension prevalence. *10%* - A 10% reduction is generally considered too low for the ambitious goals set by the WHO for major NCD risk factors like raised blood pressure. - The plan aims for more substantial public health impact. *50%* - A 50% reduction in the prevalence of raised blood pressure is a very ambitious target, even beyond the scope of initial global NCD goals for this particular indicator. - While desirable, it was not the specific target set for raised blood pressure in the 2013-2020 action plan.

Question 10: National Cancer Control Programme (NCCP) in India was launched in

A. 1992
B. 1970
C. 1976 (Correct Answer)
D. 1986

Explanation: ***1976*** - The **National Cancer Control Programme (NCCP)** was officially launched in India in **1976**. - Its primary objective was to provide comprehensive cancer care services, focusing on prevention, early detection, diagnosis, treatment, and palliation. *1992* - While significant revisions and expansions to the NCCP occurred in **1992**, this was not its initial launch year. - The **1992 modifications** focused on decentralization and integrating cancer control activities into primary healthcare. *1970* - The year **1970** does not mark the official launch of a national cancer control program in India. - Prior to 1976, some fragmented efforts existed, but not a unified national program. *1986* - **1986** saw further strengthening and refinement of the NCCP, but it was not the year of its inception. - This period involved efforts to enhance infrastructure and human resources for cancer care.

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