Maternal and Child Health Practice Questions

Q: Maternal mortality rate is defined as ?

Maternal death per 100,000 live births. ***Maternal death per 100,000 live births*** - This is the **standard WHO definition** of Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR), which is the most commonly used indicator - It measures the **obstetric risk** by relating maternal deaths to the number of live births - The MMR reflects the risk of death once a woman becomes pregnant - **India's MMR** (2018-20) was 97 per 100,000 live births *Maternal death per 100,000 women of reproductive age (15-49 years)* - This represents the **Maternal Mortality Rate** (not ratio), which is less commonly used - While technically a valid epidemiological measure, it is **not the standard definition** asked in most competitive exams - This would measure risk across the entire reproductive age population, not specifically related to pregnancies *Maternal death per 100,000 women* - Too broad and **non-specific**, as it includes women outside reproductive age - Does not account for the population actually at risk of maternal mortality - Not a recognized standard definition *Maternal death per 100,000 total births* - "Total births" is less precise than **"live births"** which is the standard denominator - Total births could potentially include stillbirths, making the definition ambiguous - The WHO specifically uses **live births** as the denominator

Q: In a community of 1,000,000 population, 105 children were born in a year, out of which 5 were stillbirths and 4 died within the first year of life. What is the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)?

40. ***40*** - **Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)** = (Deaths in first year of life / Live births) × 1,000 - Live births = Total births - Stillbirths = 105 - 5 = **100** - IMR = (4 / 100) × 1,000 = **40 per 1,000 live births** - Stillbirths are excluded from both numerator and denominator as IMR only counts deaths after live birth *90* - This would result from incorrectly using total births (105) instead of live births (100) in the denominator - Wrong calculation: (4 / 105) × 1,000 ≈ 38, not 90 - This option represents a common error but with incorrect arithmetic *120* - This could result from including stillbirths in the numerator: (5+4) / 100 × 1,000 = 90, not 120 - Or from other miscalculations mixing up the numerator and denominator - Does not follow the standard IMR formula *150* - This represents a significant calculation error - May result from using wrong base (per 100 instead of per 1,000) or including stillbirths incorrectly - Such high IMR does not match the given data of 4 infant deaths per 100 live births

Q: Which state has the lowest Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) in India?

Kerala. ***Kerala*** - Kerala consistently has achieved the **lowest Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)** in India, demonstrating significant progress in public health and maternal-child care. - This is primarily attributed to its robust **healthcare infrastructure**, high literacy rates, and effective implementation of health programs. *Maharashtra* - While Maharashtra has made progress in reducing IMR, its rate remains **higher than Kerala's**, reflecting varying healthcare access and quality across the state. - There are regional disparities in health outcomes, despite significant economic development. *Tamil Nadu* - Tamil Nadu has a commendable healthcare system and has significantly reduced its IMR over the years, yet it **does not consistently achieve the lowest rate** when compared to Kerala. - Its focus on **universal healthcare access** and nutrition programs has been instrumental in its improvements. *Uttar Pradesh* - Uttar Pradesh typically reports one of the **highest Infant Mortality Rates (IMR)** in India, due to challenges such as limited access to healthcare, malnutrition, and poor sanitation. - Significant efforts are underway to improve maternal and child health indicators, but the state still lags behind the national average and other states like Kerala.

Q: In a town there are 2500 live births within six months. During the same period 5 women died due to peripartum infection, 5 died due to electrocution, 2 died due to obstructed labor and 3 died due to PPH. What is the MMR?

4 per 1000 live births. ***4 per 1000 live births*** - The **Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR)** is calculated as the number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. In this scenario, only deaths directly related to pregnancy or within 42 days postpartum from obstetric causes are considered maternal deaths. - Total maternal deaths = 5 (peripartum infection) + 2 (obstructed labor) + 3 (PPH) = 10. MMR = (10 maternal deaths / 2500 live births) * 1000 = 4. *6 per 1000 live births* - This calculation would incorrectly include deaths from non-obstetric causes, such as the 5 deaths due to electrocution, which are not considered maternal deaths. - Including non-maternal deaths inflates the ratio, leading to an inaccurate representation of obstetric risk. *40 per 1000 live births* - This value is significantly higher, suggesting a miscalculation in either the number of maternal deaths or the live births, potentially by using a multiplier of 100,000 live births instead of 1,000 for this question, or an arithmetic error. - A common error might be to multiply the total number of maternal deaths by 1000 and divide by the number of live births, leading to an incorrect large number if the base is not handled correctly. *60 per 1000 live births* - This result is far too high and indicates a significant overestimation of maternal deaths or a severe miscalculation. - It likely arises from a compounding of errors, possibly including non-maternal deaths and incorrect scaling of the denominator.

Q: Which of the following statements about Anganwadi workers is incorrect?

Covers a population of 2000. ***Covers a population of 2000*** - An **Anganwadi center** typically covers a population of **1000** in rural and urban areas, and **700** in tribal areas, not 2000. - This statement is incorrect because the specified population coverage is double the standard norm for an Anganwadi center. *Mostly female* - The vast majority of **Anganwadi workers** are **women** from the local community. - This is a correct statement, reflecting the gender composition of the Anganwadi workforce. *Training for 40 days* - **Anganwadi workers** undergo an initial **training program of 40 days**. - This statement is correct, outlining the standard duration of their foundational training. *Under ICDS scheme* - **Anganwadi centers** are a crucial part of the **Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme**. - This statement is correct, as the ICDS scheme established and oversees Anganwadi centers to provide health, nutrition, and early childhood education services.

Q: According to the ICDS scheme, what is the recommended population range for establishing one Anganwadi centre in rural areas?

400-800 (Rural). ***400-800 (Rural)*** - The **Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)** scheme recommends one Anganwadi centre for a population of **400-800** in **rural areas**. - This is the **standard population norm** as per ICDS guidelines for establishing Anganwadi centres in typical rural settings. - This ensures adequate coverage and accessibility of ICDS services (nutrition, immunization, health check-ups, and preschool education) for mothers and children. *700-1000 (Urban)* - This population range (**700-1000**) is the standard norm for **urban areas**, not rural areas. - Urban areas have higher population density, hence a slightly larger population range is used per Anganwadi centre. - The question specifically asks about **rural areas**, making this option incorrect. *300-800 (Hilly/Tribal areas)* - This range (**300-800**) is designated for **hilly, difficult terrain, or specific tribal areas** where geographical challenges and scattered populations require lower population norms. - While this includes rural characteristics, it represents **special category areas**, not standard rural areas as asked in the question. *1000-1500 (Urban high density)* - A population target of **1000-1500** would be too high even for standard urban norms and doesn't align with official ICDS guidelines. - This is not applicable to **rural areas** as specified in the question.

Q: According to the 2014 guidelines for female sterilization, which of the following is NOT an eligibility criterion for female sterilization?

Should have at least 1 child. ***Should have at least 1 child*** - The 2014 guidelines **removed the previous requirement** for a specific number of children, focusing instead on **informed consent** and **voluntary decision-making**. - The emphasis is now on the client's **autonomous choice**, regardless of their parity. - Having at least one child is **NOT an eligibility criterion** under the revised guidelines. *Age of at least 22 years* - While there is a minimum age requirement (legally 21 years, though some guidelines mention 22 years), this IS a valid eligibility criterion. - The age criterion ensures that individuals are mature enough to make an **informed and irreversible decision** about permanent contraception. - Younger individuals may be at higher risk of **regret** following sterilization. *Being unmarried* - Marital status is **NOT a barrier** to female sterilization under the 2014 guidelines. - Unmarried individuals have the same right to choose this method of contraception based on **informed consent**. - The decision for sterilization rests solely with the individual, irrespective of their **relationship status**. *Partner is not sterilized* - Partner's sterilization status is **NOT a determining factor** for female sterilization eligibility. - The decision is based on the **individual's choice**, health status, and desire for permanent contraception. - The eligibility criteria focus on the client's **informed consent** and understanding of the procedure, not on the partner's reproductive history.

Q: Pearl's index is defined as the number of unintended pregnancies per:

Per 100 woman years. ***Per 100 woman years*** - The **Pearl Index** is a common measure of the effectiveness of contraception. - It is calculated as the number of unintended pregnancies per **100 woman-years** of exposure to a contraceptive method. *Per 10 woman years* - This metric represents too small a population and duration to provide a statistically reliable measure of contraceptive effectiveness. - Using 10 woman-years as the denominator would inappropriately inflate the Pearl Index value, making methods appear less effective than they are. *Per 1000 woman years* - While a larger denominator provides greater statistical power, the standard definition of the Pearl Index specifically uses **100 woman-years**. - Expressing it per 1000 woman-years would make the index numerically smaller, potentially leading to misinterpretation if not clearly stated. *Per 50 woman years* - This denominator is not the standard convention for calculating the **Pearl Index**. - It would result in a different numerical value for the index, making direct comparisons with commonly reported Pearl Index values challenging.

Q: Infant mortality rate in India is per 1000 live births?

34. ***34*** - As per the **Sample Registration System (SRS)** data around **2012-2013**, India's **Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)** was reported as **34 deaths per 1,000 live births**. - This represents the number of infant deaths (before completing one year of age) per 1,000 live births in a given year. - This was the approximate national average used for the NEET-2013 examination period. *25* - This figure represents a lower IMR than the national average for India during 2012-2013. - While some progressive states like Kerala had achieved IMR closer to this figure, it was not the overall national rate at that time. *55* - This figure is higher than the reported national IMR for India in 2012-2013. - India's IMR had already declined below this level due to improved maternal and child health programs under NRHM (National Rural Health Mission). *60* - This value represents a historical estimate from earlier years (pre-2010). - By 2012-2013, India had made significant progress in reducing infant mortality from these higher historical levels through better healthcare access and immunization coverage.

Question 1

Maternal mortality rate is defined as ?

Accepted Answer

Maternal death per 100,000 live births

Answer

Maternal death per 100,000 women

Answer

Maternal death per 100,000 total births

Answer

Maternal death per 100,000 women of reproductive age (15-49 years)

Question 2

What does the Gross Reproduction Rate (GRR) measure?

Accepted Answer

Number of female children a woman would have during her reproductive years, assuming no mortality

Answer

Number of total children a woman would have during her reproductive years (both male and female), assuming no mortality

Answer

Number of live births per 1000 women in a given year

Answer

Number of male children a woman would have during her reproductive years, assuming no mortality

Question 3

In a community of 1,000,000 population, 105 children were born in a year, out of which 5 were stillbirths and 4 died within the first year of life. What is the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)?

Accepted Answer

40

Answer

90

Answer

120

Answer

150

Question 4

Which state has the lowest Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) in India?

Accepted Answer

Kerala

Answer

Maharashtra

Answer

Tamil Nadu

Answer

Uttar Pradesh

Question 5

In a town there are 2500 live births within six months. During the same period 5 women died due to peripartum infection, 5 died due to electrocution, 2 died due to obstructed labor and 3 died due to PPH. What is the MMR?

Accepted Answer

4 per 1000 live births

Answer

6 per 1000 live births

Answer

40 per 1000 live births

Answer

60 per 1000 live births

Question 6

Which of the following statements about Anganwadi workers is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

Covers a population of 2000

Answer

Training for 40 days

Answer

Under ICDS scheme

Answer

Mostly female

Question 7

According to the ICDS scheme, what is the recommended population range for establishing one Anganwadi centre in rural areas?

Accepted Answer

400-800 (Rural)

Answer

700-1000 (Urban)

Answer

1000-1500 (Urban high density)

Answer

300-800 (Hilly/Tribal areas)

Question 8

According to the 2014 guidelines for female sterilization, which of the following is NOT an eligibility criterion for female sterilization?

Accepted Answer

Should have at least 1 child

Answer

Partner is not sterilized

Answer

Being unmarried

Answer

Age of at least 22 years

Question 9

Pearl's index is defined as the number of unintended pregnancies per:

Accepted Answer

Per 100 woman years

Answer

Per 10 woman years

Answer

Per 1000 woman years

Answer

Per 50 woman years

Question 10

Infant mortality rate in India is per 1000 live births?

Accepted Answer

34

Answer

25

Answer

55

Answer

60

Maternal and Child Health — MCQs

Maternal and Child Health — MCQs

On this page

Practice by Chapter

Want unlimited practice?