Maternal and Child Health — MCQs
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What is the minimum age at which a woman can provide valid consent for a Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) in India?
The image shows a special ward in a district hospital. What is it called and what should be the minimum number of beds?
Identify the image given below:
Identify the image given below:
Identify the image given below:
Identify symbol given in the image below:
Identify the services provided at the clinic represented by the symbol shown in the image below:
The logo represents which of the following?
The scheme shown in the image is:
In the most widespread calculation of Stillbirth Rate, the numerator is defined as foetal deaths weighing 'X' grams or more at birth, during the year. Which one of the following is the correct value for 'X'?
Maternal and Child Health Indian Medical PG Practice Questions and MCQs
Question 361: What is the minimum age at which a woman can provide valid consent for a Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) in India?
- A. 18 years (Correct Answer)
- B. 16 years
- C. 25 years
- D. 20 years
Explanation: **18 years** - In India, the legally prescribed **age of majority** for granting consent for medical procedures, including the **Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP)**, is **18 years**. - If the woman has attained 18 years, she alone can provide valid consent, as per Section 3(4)(a) of the **MTP Act, 1971** (as amended). *16 years* - While 16 years is a relevant age for sexual consent under the **POCSO Act**, it is not the minimum age for providing **medical consent** for MTP. - If the woman is below 18 years, her consent is not considered valid; instead, the consent of her **guardian** or **parent** is legally required for the procedure. *25 years* - This age is significantly above the required **age of majority (18 years)**; a 25-year-old woman provides her own independent and valid consent. - There is no legal provision under the MTP Act that specifically mandates the age of 25 for consent; the requirement is based only on attaining **adulthood**. *20 years* - This age is higher than the minimum legal requirement of **18 years** for giving consent. - A 20-year-old woman is legally competent to decide on her **MTP** independently without requiring parental or guardian consent.
Question 362: The image shows a special ward in a district hospital. What is it called and what should be the minimum number of beds?
- A. Newborn care corner, 12 beds
- B. Newborn stabilization units, 4 beds
- C. Special newborn care unit, 12 beds (Correct Answer)
- D. Essential newborn care unit, 4 beds
Explanation: ***Special newborn care unit, 12 beds*** - This setup, with multiple incubators and specialized equipment, is characteristic of a **Special Newborn Care Unit (SNCU)**. - An SNCU in a district hospital is designed for critically ill and low birth weight newborns and should have a minimum of **12 beds** to accommodate patient load and provide comprehensive care. *Newborn care corner, 12 beds* - A **Newborn Care Corner** is a much simpler facility, usually found in a delivery room or operating theatre, providing basic care immediately after birth. - It does not involve multiple incubators or the intensive care observed in the image, and the bed count is irrelevant for a care corner. *Newborn stabilization units, 4 beds* - **Newborn Stabilization Units (NBSU)** are meant for stabilizing sick newborns before referral to a higher facility. - They typically have fewer beds (often 4-6) and less advanced equipment than an SNCU, making this option inconsistent with the image's complexity. *Essential newborn care unit, 4 beds* - **Essential Newborn Care (ENC)** primarily focuses on routine care for healthy newborns, such as breastfeeding support, thermal protection, and hygiene. - It does not involve intensive care equipment like incubators and ventilators seen in the picture, and the bed count is too low for the shown facility.
Question 363: Identify the image given below:
- A. Male condom
- B. Female condom (Correct Answer)
- C. Vaginal sponge
- D. Diaphragm
Explanation: ***Female condom*** - The image clearly shows a protective barrier device with rings at both ends, characteristic of a **female condom**. - One ring is designed to be inserted deep into the **vagina** or anus, while the other remains outside, covering the external genitalia. *Male condom* - A **male condom** is typically designed as a sheath that covers the penis and does not have the prominent outer ring seen in the image. - It lacks the **internal ring** for insertion and anchoring within the vagina or anus. *Vaginal sponge* - A **vaginal sponge** is a soft, foamy, disc-shaped device that is inserted into the vagina, often pre-filled with spermicide. - It does not resemble the translucent, thin-walled, ringed structure depicted in the image. *Diaphragm* - A **diaphragm** is a dome-shaped, shallow silicone cup with a flexible rim, designed to cover the cervix. - It is distinct from the elongated, tubular structure with two prominent rings shown in the picture.
Question 364: Identify the image given below:
- A. Rhythm method (Correct Answer)
- B. Cervical mucus method
- C. BBT method
- D. Symptothermal method
Explanation: ***Rhythm method*** - The image displays a calendar-like wheel divided into different colored segments representing days of a menstrual cycle, which is characteristic of the **Rhythm method** (also known as the **calendar method**) for natural family planning. - This method involves tracking the menstrual cycle to identify fertile and infertile periods, with different colors often indicating **safe (green)**, **unsafe (red for menstruation, blue for pre-menstruation)**, or potentially fertile days. *Cervical mucus method* - This method involves monitoring changes in the **consistency and quantity of cervical mucus** to determine fertile periods. - It does not involve a calendar-like chart as shown in the image but rather self-assessment of physical signs. *BBT method* - The **Basal Body Temperature (BBT)** method involves tracking daily changes in a woman's body temperature before getting out of bed, which rises slightly after ovulation. - This method typically uses a daily temperature chart and does not correspond to the calendar wheel shown. *Symptothermal method* - This is a **combination method** that uses multiple fertility indicators including BBT, cervical mucus changes, and sometimes calendar calculations. - While comprehensive, it relies on daily symptom tracking rather than a simple calendar wheel as shown in the image.
Question 365: Identify the image given below:
- A. Iron folic acid (IFA) tablets
- B. DOTS
- C. Pneumonia kit
- D. OCP (Correct Answer)
Explanation: ***OCP*** - The image displays a blister pack of pills with days of the week, indicating a sequential dosing regimen typical of **oral contraceptive pills (OCPs)**. - OCPs are commonly packaged in 21 or 28-day cycles, often with varying pill colors to distinguish between active hormones and inactive (placebo) pills, which is visible in the image. *Iron folic acid (IFA) tablets* - IFA tablets are typically prescribed for **anemia** or during **pregnancy** and are generally taken daily, but are not usually packaged with specific days of the week in a complex, multi-colored blister pack as shown. - While they are tablets, their packaging does not match the structured, cyclical presentation of the image. *DOTS* - **DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course)** is a strategy for treating tuberculosis and involves a combination of several different medications, not a single blister pack of identical or varying pills taken daily in a cyclical manner. - The image does not represent the typical packaging or administration of DOTS medication. *Pneumonia kit* - A pneumonia kit would typically include several medications used for treating pneumonia, such as antibiotics, and potentially other supportive care items. - It would not be a single blister pack of pills with a day-of-the-week schedule designed for continuous daily intake, as seen in the image.
Question 366: Identify symbol given in the image below:
- A. Disaster management
- B. Nuclear plant
- C. Biomedical waste management (Correct Answer)
- D. Family planning
Explanation: ***Biomedical waste management*** - The image displays the **biohazard symbol**, which is universally recognized to indicate the presence of **biological substances** that pose a threat to human health or the environment. - This symbol is explicitly used on containers and areas dealing with **biomedical waste** to ensure proper handling and disposal to prevent contamination and disease transmission. *Disaster management* - Symbols for disaster management are varied and typically focus on **warnings, evacuations, or relief efforts**, such as a hurricane symbol or shelter signs. - They do not typically feature the specific design of the **biohazard symbol**, which is strictly for biological risks. *Nuclear plant* - The symbol associated with nuclear plants or radioactive materials is the **trefoil radiation symbol**, which looks distinctly different, often yellow with three black blades radiating from a central circle. - This symbol warns of **ionizing radiation**, not biological hazards. *Family planning* - Symbols for family planning are usually distinct, such as a stylized family unit or symbols representing **contraception or reproductive health services**. - They do not involve any hazard warnings, especially not for biological waste.
Question 367: Identify the services provided at the clinic represented by the symbol shown in the image below:
- A. Child Survival and Safe Motherhood clinic
- B. Diarrhea clinic
- C. RTI/STI (Correct Answer)
- D. Blood bank services
Explanation: ***RTI/STI*** - The image displays the logo for "Suraksha clinic," which is associated with **sexual health services in India**. - **Suraksha clinics** are dedicated to providing services for **Reproductive Tract Infections (RTIs)** and **Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)**, including counseling, diagnosis, and treatment. *Child Survival and Safe Motherhood clinic* - These clinics focus on **maternal and child health**, including antenatal care, safe delivery, immunization, and nutrition for children. - While important public health initiatives, they are not specifically identified by the "Suraksha clinic" branding. *Diarrhea clinic* - Diarrhea clinics primarily address the prevention and treatment of **diarrheal diseases**, often through Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT) and hygiene promotion. - This is a distinct public health service not directly indicated by the "Suraksha clinic" symbol. *Blood bank services* - Blood banks are specialized facilities for the **collection, processing, testing, and storage of blood** and blood products for transfusions. - This service is entirely separate from the focus of a "Suraksha clinic."
Question 368: The logo represents which of the following?
- A. Mission Indradhanush
- B. Breastfeeding Friendly Hospital Initiative
- C. Kangaroo Mother Care
- D. India Newborn Action Plan (Correct Answer)
Explanation: ***India newborn action plan*** - The logo depicting a **fetus in utero** is directly associated with the **India Newborn Action Plan (INAP)**, which focuses on reducing newborn mortality and stillbirths. - This visual representation symbolizes the plan's commitment to ensuring the health and survival of newborns from the **fetal stage** onward. *Mission Indradhanush* - This initiative's logo typically features a **rainbow-like arch** and focuses on **immunizing pregnant women and children** against various diseases. - The visual representation is distinct from the fetal image and emphasizes the comprehensive nature of vaccination. *Breastfeeding friendly hospital initiative* - The logo for this initiative usually depicts a **mother breastfeeding her infant** or related imagery, promoting and supporting breastfeeding practices. - It does not involve a fetus in utero, as its core mission is centered on post-birth infant feeding. *Kangaroo mother care* - The visual for Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) often shows a **parent holding a bare-chested infant** in skin-to-skin contact, highlighting the bond and care provided. - While it pertains to newborn care, its focus is on direct physical contact after birth, not the prenatal stage.
Question 369: The scheme shown in the image is:
- A. Kishori Shakti Yojana
- B. Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram
- C. Menstrual Hygiene Scheme (Correct Answer)
- D. Rajiv Gandhi scheme for empowerment of adolescent girls
Explanation: ***Menstrual Hygiene Scheme*** - The image shows a packet of **"Freedays" sanitary napkins** which are distributed as part of the **Menstrual Hygiene Scheme**. - This scheme, under the **National Health Mission (NHM)**, aims to promote menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls in rural areas. *Kishori Shakti Yojana* - This scheme focuses on various aspects of **adolescent girls' empowerment**, including self-development, nutrition, health, education, and vocational training. - While it addresses the overall well-being of adolescent girls, it does not specifically focus on the provision of sanitary napkins as its primary objective. *Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (JSSK)* - This scheme aims to reduce **maternal and infant mortality** by providing free services to pregnant women and sick neonates. - Its focus is on facilitating institutional deliveries and essential care for mothers and newborns, not directly on menstrual hygiene products. *Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of Adolescent Girls (SABLA)* - SABLA is a comprehensive scheme for the **holistic development of adolescent girls**, covering nutrition, health, general education, and life skills. - While it includes components for health and hygiene awareness, it is a broader empowerment program and not solely dedicated to menstrual product distribution.
Question 370: In the most widespread calculation of Stillbirth Rate, the numerator is defined as foetal deaths weighing 'X' grams or more at birth, during the year. Which one of the following is the correct value for 'X'?
- A. 750
- B. 1500
- C. 1000 (Correct Answer)
- D. 500
Explanation: ***1000*** - The international standard for defining a **stillbirth**, for statistical purposes, often uses a cutoff of **1000 grams** or **28 weeks of gestation**. - This weight threshold helps to standardize reporting across different regions and healthcare systems for calculating the **Stillbirth Rate**. *750* - While some classifications might use similar weights for specific research or local definitions, **750 grams** is not the universally accepted weight for stillbirth reporting in the most widespread calculations. - This weight is sometimes used as a lower threshold for viability or extreme prematurity, but not typically for the primary stillbirth definition. *1500* - A weight of **1500 grams** would exclude a significant number of stillbirths that are included under the more widely accepted 1000-gram definition. - This higher threshold would lead to an underestimation of the true stillbirth rate in a population. *500* - A threshold of **500 grams** is often used in the definition of a **fetal death** but not specifically for the widespread calculation of the **Stillbirth Rate**. - Foetal deaths below 1000 grams are often considered early fetal deaths and may be reported separately or not included in the primary stillbirth rate, depending on the specific reporting system.
Practice by Chapter
Maternal Mortality: Causes and Prevention
Practice Questions
Antenatal Care
Practice Questions
Intranatal Care
Practice Questions
Postnatal Care
Practice Questions
High-Risk Pregnancy Management
Practice Questions
Infant Mortality: Causes and Prevention
Practice Questions
Under-Five Mortality
Practice Questions
Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness
Practice Questions
School Health Services
Practice Questions
Adolescent Health
Practice Questions
Reproductive and Child Health Programs
Practice Questions
International Maternal and Child Health Initiatives
Practice Questions
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