International Health Practice Questions

Q: Headquarters location of the international agency depicted in the image given below:

Rome. ***Rome*** - The image depicts the logo of the **Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)** of the United Nations. - The headquarters of the **FAO** are located in Rome, Italy. *Geneva* - Geneva is home to many international organizations, including the **World Health Organization (WHO)** and the **International Labour Organization (ILO)**, but not the FAO. - These organizations focus on different global health and labor aspects. *New York* - New York City hosts the main headquarters of the **United Nations (UN)**. - Many UN bodies have offices there, but the FAO's primary headquarters are elsewhere. *New Delhi* - New Delhi is the capital of India and hosts regional offices for several international organizations. - It is not the global headquarters for any major international health or food agency.

Q: Identify the organization depicted by the symbol in the image given below:

UNICEF. ***UNICEF*** - The image displays the official logo of **UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund)**, characterized by the silhouette of an adult and a child within a globe encircled by olive branches. - This emblem symbolizes UNICEF's dedication to **children's rights and well-being** globally. *WHO* - The **World Health Organization (WHO)** logo typically features the staff of Asclepius (a snake twined around a rod) superimposed on a map of the world. - Its primary focus is on **international public health** rather than specifically children's welfare. *UNDP* - The **United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)** logo usually consists of a stylized globe or a combination of its acronym and the UN emblem. - UNDP's mission is centered on **poverty eradication** and sustainable development, not primarily children's aid. *FAO* - The **Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)** logo features a stylized image of wheat ears and the organization's acronym. - Its main objective is to **achieve food security** for all, ensuring people have regular access to enough high-quality food.

Q: Which of the following international agencies focuses on sustainable development programming that includes health as a key component?

The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). ***The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)*** - The **UNDP** is a global development network that advocates for change and connects countries to knowledge, experience, and resources to help people build a better life, with **health** being a critical aspect of their broader **sustainable development** goals. - Its strategic plan often integrates health outcomes as essential components of achieving poverty reduction, democratic governance, and environmental sustainability. *The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)* - **UNICEF** primarily focuses on the **rights and well-being of children** worldwide, addressing issues such as child survival, development, protection, and education. - While health is a major component of its work, its mandate is specifically centered on children, rather than broad sustainable development for all populations. *The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)* - **UNFPA** is the lead UN agency for delivering a world where every pregnancy is wanted, every birth is safe, and every young person's potential is fulfilled, focusing predominantly on **sexual and reproductive health** and rights. - Its scope is more targeted towards population dynamics, sexual and reproductive health, and gender equality, though these are linked to sustainable development, they are not its primary overarching mission in the same way as UNDP. *The United States Agency for International Development (USAID)* - **USAID** is the primary agency of the United States government responsible for administering civilian **foreign aid and development assistance**, with a focus on promoting U.S. foreign policy interests. - While it heavily invests in health programs globally, it is a bilateral agency representing U.S. interests rather than an international multilateral agency like those within the broader UN system with a specific mandate for sustainable development programming.

Q: According to International Health Regulations, there is no risk of spread of yellow fever if the Aedes aegypti index is kept at

below 1%. ***below 1%*** - The **International Health Regulations (IHR)** specify that a **house index** (percentage of houses infested with *Aedes aegypti* larvae) of **below 1%** is considered sufficient to prevent the spread of yellow fever. - Maintaining this low index is crucial for controlling potential outbreaks in endemic or receptive areas. *2-4%* - An *Aedes aegypti* index in this range (2-4%) indicates a **moderate risk** of yellow fever transmission, as the vector population is still significant enough to facilitate spread. - This level is **above the recommended threshold** for effective prevention according to IHR. *5-7%* - An index between 5-7% signifies an **elevated risk** of yellow fever transmission, indicating a substantial presence of the vector population. - At this level, there is a **high probability** of ongoing or impending disease outbreaks. *8-10%* - An *Aedes aegypti* index of 8-10% represents a **very high risk** of yellow fever spread, suggesting an widespread vector presence. - This range indicates a **strong potential for rapid and extensive disease transmission**.

Q: Which is the correct sequence in increasing order for crude birthrates in the countries named herewith?

Japan, Sri Lanka, India, Nepal. ***Japan, Sri Lanka, India, Nepal*** - This sequence correctly orders the given countries from the lowest to the highest **crude birth rate**. - Japan consistently has one of the lowest birth rates globally due to an aging population and socio-economic factors. Sri Lanka and India follow with moderate birth rates, while Nepal generally has a higher birth rate compared to the others, influenced by factors like rural populations and access to healthcare. *India, Japan, Sri Lanka, Nepal* - This option incorrectly places **India first**, when its birth rate is significantly higher than Japan's and Sri Lanka's. - **Japan's birth rate** is notably lower than India's and Sri Lanka's, making this sequence incorrect. *India, Japan, Nepal, Sri Lanka* - This sequence is incorrect as it places **India first** and has an incorrect relative order between Nepal and Sri Lanka compared to their actual birth rates. - **Japan's birth rate** is the lowest among these countries, so it should be at the beginning of an increasing order, not after India. *Sri Lanka, Japan, Nepal, India* - This option incorrectly places **Sri Lanka first** and misrepresents the relative positions of Japan, Nepal, and India in terms of birth rates. - **Japan has the lowest birth rate** among the listed countries, so it should precede Sri Lanka in an increasing order.

Q: Which of the following agencies are playing a key role in running of the "COVAX" initiative against COVID-19? 1. GAVI, the Vaccine Alliance 2. World Health Organisation (WHO) 3. Ford Foundation 4. Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI)

1, 2 and 4. ***1, 2 and 4*** - **GAVI (the Vaccine Alliance)**, **WHO (World Health Organization)**, and **CEPI (Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations)** are the three official co-leads of the COVAX initiative. - **GAVI** serves as the procurement and delivery coordinator, leveraging its expertise in vaccine distribution in low-income countries. - **WHO** provides global health leadership, regulatory guidance, and ensures alignment with international health standards. - **CEPI** focuses on financing and coordinating vaccine research, development, and manufacturing. - These three organizations formed COVAX in 2020 as part of the Access to COVID-19 Tools (ACT) Accelerator to ensure equitable global access to COVID-19 vaccines. *1, 2 and 3* - While **GAVI** and **WHO** are correctly identified as co-leads, the **Ford Foundation** is not a primary operational partner or co-leader of COVAX. - Ford Foundation may provide philanthropic support, but it does not play a direct key role in running the initiative. - This option incorrectly excludes **CEPI**, which is an essential co-lead responsible for vaccine R&D. *2, 3 and 4* - This option incorrectly excludes **GAVI**, which is one of the three core co-leaders of COVAX. - **GAVI's** role in vaccine procurement and delivery to COVAX is fundamental to the initiative's success. - The **Ford Foundation** is not a key operational agency in running COVAX. *1, 2, 3 and 4* - While **GAVI, WHO, and CEPI** (1, 2, and 4) are the correct co-leads, the **Ford Foundation** is not a primary partner in running COVAX. - Including all four agencies incorrectly elevates the Ford Foundation to the same level as the three official co-leaders.

Q: Of the following international agencies, which agency has been assisting India in development of friendly models of sanitation ?

SIDA (Swedish International Development Agency). ***SIDA (Swedish International Development Agency)*** - **SIDA** has been a major development partner with India in the **water and sanitation sector** - Provided significant support for developing **community-friendly sanitation models**, including community-led total sanitation (CLTS) approaches - Their assistance included **technical expertise, financial aid, and capacity building** for sustainable sanitation infrastructure *CARE (Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere)* - **CARE** is a major international humanitarian organization focused primarily on **food security, health, and emergency relief** - While involved in community development, not specifically known for developing sanitation models in India *DANIDA (Danish Development Agency)* - **DANIDA's** major engagements in India have focused on **renewable energy, environmental protection, and poverty reduction** - While supporting general water and sanitation projects, not the leading agency for developing specific sanitation models in India *Ford Foundation* - A philanthropic organization focused on **social justice, education, and civil society building** - In India, primarily supports **NGOs and policy reforms** rather than direct development of sanitation infrastructure

Q: With reference to International Certificate of Vaccination for Yellow Fever, the validity of the certificate begins how many days after the vaccination?

10 days. ***10 days*** - The **International Certificate of Vaccination** for **yellow fever** becomes valid 10 days after the primary vaccination. This 10-day period aligns with the time needed for the immune system to develop a protective response. - This regulation ensures that individuals traveling to **yellow fever endemic areas** have sufficient immunity to prevent disease transmission and protect themselves. *14 days* - This is an incorrect timeframe; the specified waiting period for the **yellow fever vaccine** certificate to become valid is not 14 days. - While immune responses can develop over varying periods, the international regulation specifically states a shorter interval for certificate validity. *20 days* - This timeframe is longer than the internationally recognized period for the validity of the **yellow fever vaccination certificate** to commence. - A 20-day waiting period would cause unnecessary delays for travelers, as adequate protection is generally achieved earlier. *5 days* - Five days is too short a period for the body to mount a sufficient and recognized **immune response** to the **yellow fever vaccine**. - A shorter waiting period might lead to a false sense of security, as full protection may not yet be established, increasing the risk of infection.

Q: Disease usually not seen in a country but brought from abroad is:

Exotic. ***Exotic*** - An **exotic disease** refers to a disease that is not native or usually found in a particular country or region but is introduced from abroad. - This term highlights its **foreign origin** and rarity within the local population. *Endemic* - An **endemic disease** is one that is constantly present in a population or region with a relatively stable prevalence within that population. - It describes a disease that is **native** to a specific area, not typically brought from abroad. *Epidemic* - An **epidemic** signifies a sudden increase in the number of cases of a disease in a population over a particular period, substantially exceeding what is normally expected. - While it can be introduced from abroad, the definition focuses on the **rapid spread** rather than the origin itself. *Zoonotic* - A **zoonotic disease** is an infectious disease that has jumped from an animal to humans. - This term describes the **mode of transmission** from animals, not necessarily its geographic origin or whether it's new to a country.

Question 1

Headquarters location of the international agency depicted in the image given below:

Accepted Answer

Rome

Answer

Geneva

Answer

New York

Answer

New Delhi

Question 2

Identify the organization depicted by the symbol in the image given below:

Accepted Answer

UNICEF

Answer

WHO

Answer

UNDP

Answer

FAO

Question 3

Which of the following international agencies focuses on sustainable development programming that includes health as a key component?

Accepted Answer

The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

Answer

The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)

Answer

The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)

Answer

The United States Agency for International Development (USAID)

Question 4

According to International Health Regulations, there is no risk of spread of yellow fever if the Aedes aegypti index is kept at

Accepted Answer

below 1%

Answer

2-4%

Answer

5-7%

Answer

8-10%

Question 5

Which is the correct sequence in increasing order for crude birthrates in the countries named herewith?

Accepted Answer

Japan, Sri Lanka, India, Nepal

Answer

India, Japan, Sri Lanka, Nepal

Answer

India, Japan, Nepal, Sri Lanka

Answer

Sri Lanka, Japan, Nepal, India

Question 6

Which of the following agencies are playing a key role in running of the "COVAX" initiative against COVID-19?

1. GAVI, the Vaccine Alliance
2. World Health Organisation (WHO)
3. Ford Foundation
4. Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI)

Accepted Answer

1, 2 and 4

Answer

1, 2 and 3

Answer

2, 3 and 4

Answer

1, 2, 3 and 4

Question 7

Of the following international agencies, which agency has been assisting India in development of friendly models of sanitation ?

Accepted Answer

SIDA (Swedish International Development Agency)

Answer

CARE (Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere)

Answer

DANIDA (Danish Development Agency)

Answer

Ford Foundation

Question 8

Which one of the following indicators is not included in Millennium Development Goals?

Accepted Answer

T.B. death rate per 100,000 children (0 – 4 years of age)

Answer

Maternal mortality ratio

Answer

Suicide rate per 100,000 population

Answer

Under five mortality rate

Question 9

With reference to International Certificate of Vaccination for Yellow Fever, the validity of the certificate begins how many days after the vaccination?

Accepted Answer

10 days

Answer

14 days

Answer

20 days

Answer

5 days

Question 10

Disease usually not seen in a country but brought from abroad is:

Accepted Answer

Exotic

Answer

Endemic

Answer

Epidemic

Answer

Zoonotic

International Health — MCQs

International Health — MCQs

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